Synthesis 2010(15): 2609-2615  
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1218837
PAPER
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ˙ New York

Synthesis of New Dicationic Azolium Salts and Their Application as NHC Precursors in Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling

Sadaf Sadiq Khan, Jürgen Liebscher*
Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
Fax: +49(30)20937552; e-Mail: liebscher@chemie.hu-berlin.de;
Further Information

Publication History

Received 5 February 2010
Publication Date:
25 June 2010 (online)

Abstract

Novel dicationic azolium salts were developed as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors wherein two 1,2,3-triazolium, one 1,2,3-triazolium and one imidazolium, or two imidazolium units, are tethered to each other through alkylene bridges. These dicationic systems were applied as precursors for ligands in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura couplings using different leaving groups. Interestingly, the combination of an imidazolium and a 1,2,3-triazolium unit performed better than either a single azolium salt or than dications where two imidazolium or two 1,2,3-triazolium units are found. Aryl chlorides, iodides and triflates turned out to be the best substrates for this new catalytic system.