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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185993
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Diagnostik und Behandlung der Anämie und des Eisenmangels in der Schwangerschaft und im Wochenbett
Literaturüberblick und EmpfehlungenDiagnosis and Treatment of Iron Deficiency and Anaemia During Pregnancy and Post PartumRecommendations and a Review of the LiteraturePublication History
eingereicht 26.2.2009
revidiert 15.6.2009
akzeptiert 22.6.2009
Publication Date:
11 August 2009 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Zur Erarbeitung fundierter Empfehlungen für die Prophylaxe und Therapie von Eisenmangel und Anämie in der Geburtsmedizin wurde ein Ad-hoc-Arbeitskreis (Geburtsmedizin, Pädiatrie, Psychiatrie, Pharmakologie) gebildet, der die einschlägige Literatur kritisch bewerten und auf dieser Grundlage strukturierte Handlungsanweisungen entwickeln sollte. Obwohl nicht alle Fälle einer Anämie in der Schwangerschaft auf einen Eisenmangel zurückzuführen sind, lässt sich an ihrer großen Verbreitung die Gesundheitsbelastung der Frauen durch Eisenmangel erkennen: Weltweit leiden 42 % der Schwangeren an einer Anämie, in Europa sind es 25 %. Niedrige bis erschöpfte Eisenreserven schon zu Beginn der Schwangerschaft haben die meisten Frauen, selbst in Europa. Eisenmangel und vor allem Anämie beeinträchtigen die Gesundheit und Lebensqualität der Frauen. Der für die Schwangerschaft erforderliche Eisenbedarf von über 1000 mg lässt sich nicht allein durch die Ernährung decken, Eisensupplemente sind erforderlich. Nach der Entbindung hängt das Wiederauffüllen der Eisenspeicher nicht nur von den präpartalen Eisenreserven, sondern v. a. davon ab, ob der peripartale Blutverlust ausgeglichen werden kann. Die postpartale Erholung kann durch orale und intravenöse Eisentherapie oder in schweren Fällen durch Bluttransfusion wesentlich verbessert werden. Es wurde ein Stufenplan entwickelt, der mit geringem diagnostischen Aufwand den Prophylaxe- und Therapiebedarf feststellt, nach dem in der Schwangerschaft und im Wochenbett verfahren werden sollte.
Abstract
An ad-hoc expert panel representing several medical specialities (obstetrics, paediatrics, internal medicine, pharmacology) developed recommendations for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency and anaemia during pregnancy, and after delivery. Anaemia seems to be prevalent among pregnant women all over the world, with an average incidence of 42 % (25 % in Europe). Most women start pregnancy with low or empty iron stores. The gestational iron requirement of a total of 1000 mg cannot be supplied by nutrition alone, supplements are generally necessary. The recovery post partum depends upon pre-partal iron status, and peri-partal blood loss. Recovery can be significantly improved by oral or intravenous iron administration, and in severe cases with blood transfusion. A review of the literature resulted in a state-of-the-art recommendation for a stepwise procedure for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of anaemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy and post partum, based on clinical observation and laboratory tests (mainly haemoglobin and ferritin).
Schlüsselwörter
Eisenmangel - Anämie - Schwangerschaft - Wochenbett
Key words
iron deficiency - anemia - pregnancy - puerperium
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Prof. Dr. Joachim W. Dudenhausen Direktor der Klinik für Geburtsmedizin
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Augustenburger Platz 1
13353 Berlin
Email: joachim.dudenhausen@charite.de