Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Wir haben bei Patienten mit diffusem diabetischem Makulaödem (DDME) die morphologischen und funktionellen Ergebnisse nach Pars-plana-Vitrektomie mit Peeling der Membrana limitans interna (ILM) im Vergleich mit der intravitrealen Triamcinolonacetonid(TA)-Injektion untersucht. Methode: Die nicht randomisierte, prospektive, klinische Studie umfasste 41 Augen (35 Patienten) mit einem klinisch signifikanten DDME. Eine Vitrektomie mit ILM-Peeling erfolgte bei 24 Augen (Gruppe A), eine Injektion von 10 mg TA bei 17 Augen (Gruppe B). Bestkorrigierter Visus und foveale Netzhautdicke (gemessen mit OCT) wurden prä- sowie 1 und 4 Monate postoperativ bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Präoperativ zeigte sich bei Gruppe A eine Netzhautdicke von 403 ± 142 µm und ein Visus von 0,24 ± 0,18. Einen Monat postoperativ war die Netzhautdicke auf 311 ± 62 µm reduziert (p = 0,06 ns), der Visus betrug 0,17 ± 0,14 (ns). Vier Monate postoperativ war die Netzhautdicke mit 307 ± 161 µm (p = 0,012) signifikant niedriger als präoperativ bei einer Tendenz zu einem Visusanstieg auf 0,30 ± 0,26 (p = 0,32 ns). Gruppe B besaß vor TA-Injektion eine Netzhautdicke von 551 ± 180 µm bei einem Visus von 0,19 ± 0,14. Einen Monat postoperativ betrug die Netzhautdicke lediglich 242 ± 82 µm (p = 0,001) und der Visus stieg auf 0,31 ± 0,21 (p = 0,005). Nach 4 Monaten zeigte sich wieder eine Ödemzunahme. Im Vergleich zum präoperativen Befund war jedoch die Netzhautdicke nach 4 Monaten mit 368 ± 159 µm signifikant niedriger (p = 0,001). Die bestkorrigierte Sehschärfe 0,27 ± 0,17 unterschied sich nach 4 Monaten dagegen nicht statistisch signifikant von dem präoperativen Visus (p = 0,033 ns). Schlussfolgerung: Intravitreales Triamcinolon als Monotherapie stellt einen vielversprechenden Ansatz dar, das DDME innerhalb einer kurzen Periode nach dem Eingriff zu reduzieren. Die initial guten morphologischen Ergebnisse scheinen allerdings nicht langfristig stabil zu sein, sodass meist erneute Injektionen erforderlich sind. Die Vitrektomie mit ILM-Peeling zeigt dagegen auch nach 4 Monaten eine reduzierte Netzhautdicke, sodass mit einem länger andauernden Effekt zu rechnen ist. Bei beiden Verfahren fand sich 4 Monate postoperativ kein signifikanter Visusanstieg.
Abstract
Background: Visual outcome and anatomic results in patients with diffuse diabetic macular oedema (DDME) were evaluated after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling versus intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Materials and Methods: A prospective, non-randomised pilot study included 41 eyes (35 patients) with clinically significant DDME. In 24 eyes (group A) we performed pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling. Seventeen eyes (group B) received an injection of 10 mg TA. Best corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness (measured with OCT) were determined preoperatively as well as 1 and 4 months postoperatively. Results: In group A, OCT showed a macular thickness of 403 ± 142 µm preoperatively. Best corrected visual acuity was 0.24 ± 0.18. One month after surgery, macular thickness decreased to 311 ± 62 µm (p = 0.06 ns) and visual acuity was 0.17 ± 0.14 (ns). Four months after surgery, macular thickness remained significantly lower compared with preoperative values, at 307 ± 161 µm (p = 0.012). There was a tendency towards a higher visual acuity of 0.30 ± 0.26 (p = 0.32 ns). Before TA injection, macular thickness in group B was 551 ± 180 µm and visual acuity was 0.19 ± 0.14. One month after TA, macular thickness decreased to 242 ± 82 (p = 0.001) µm while visual acuity increased to 0.31 ± 0.21 (p = 0.005). At 4 months follow-up, group B showed recurrence of macular oedema. Compared with the preoperative findings macular thickness was significantly lower (368 ± 159 µm; p = 0,001). Best corrected visual acuity after 4 months was 0.27 ± 0.17 and did not differ significantly from the preoperative visual acuity (p = 0.033 ns). Conclusions: Intravitreal TA as a single treatment reduces the extent of DDME within a short time after surgery. These promising results may not be stable during long-term follow-up, necessitating in many cases a re-injection of TA. Macular oedema reduction after vitrectomy with ILM peeling, however, remains stable for more than 4 months and, therefore, offers more permanent results. However, none of these treatments facilitated a significant visual acuity restoration 4 months postoperatively.
Schlüsselwörter
diabetisches Makulaödem - Pars-plana-Vitrektomie - ILM-Peeling - Triamcinolon
Key words
diabetic macular oedema - vitrectomy - ILM peeling - triamcinolone acetonide
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Elena Khurieva-Sattler
Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
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