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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109607
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Neurophysiologische Diagnostik interhemisphärischer motorischer Bahnen bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen
Neurophysiological Analysis of Interhemispheric Motor Tracts in Neurodegenerative DiseasesPublication History
Publication Date:
14 August 2009 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Das Corpus callosum (CC) enthält topografisch organisierte Fasern der weißen Substanz, welche die interhemisphärischen Bahnen zur Integration von motorischen, sensorischen und kognitiven Funktionen beinhalten. Insbesondere die motorische Funktion und interhemisphärische Koordination bimanualer Bewegungen werden durch die Integrität der Bahnen zwischen den beiden primären motorischen Kortizes bestimmt. Diese Fasersysteme des CC scheinen vulnerabel zu sein, da sie bei einer Vielzahl von neurodegenerativen Krankheitsbildern wie beispielweise der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose und verschiedenen Parkinsonsyndromen schon früh im Verlauf betroffen sind. Die Integrität der kallosalen Bahnsysteme kann zum einen mit bildgebenden Verfahren, zum anderen auch elektrophysiologisch mittels transkranieller Magnetstimulation (TMS) untersucht werden. Die TMS-Untersuchung der transkallosalen Inhibition ist diagnostisch hilfreich und kann zum pathophysiologischen Verständnis der Erkrankungen beitragen.
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is the morphological correlate of inter-hemispheric connectivity. Its integrity is of great importance for motor function and inter-hemispheric coordination of bimanual movements. Callosal fibre tracts show a high vulnerability as they are involved in number of neurodegenerative disease like parkinsonian syndromes and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, even at early stages of the diseases. The integrity of callosal fibre bundles may be investigated by magnetic resonance imaging techniques and electrophysiologically by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) investigating the transcallosal inhibition (TI). TMS investigation of the TI may be performed by measurement of the ipsilateral silent period (iSP). Most common findings are a loss or a prolongation of the iSP latency. Alternatively, a double pulse paradigm may be used to demonstrate altered TI. Furthermore, the transcallosal conduction time may be lengthened. TMS investigation of TI may a helpful diagnostic tool and may give new insights into the pathophysiology.
Schlüsselwörter
interhemisphärische Bahnen - Corpus callosum - transkranielle Magnetstimulation
Key words
interhemispheric tracts - corpus callosum - transcranial magnetic stimulation
Literatur
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Dr. med. Matthias Wittstock
Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universität Rostock
Gehlsheimer Str. 20
18147 Rostock
Email: matthias.wittstock@med.uni-rostock.de