Künstliches Sehen: Stand der Entwicklung

Zusammenfassung

Die Implantation elektronischer Netzhautstimulatoren wird künftig eine Möglichkeit sein, bei Patienten, die aufgrund einer degenerativen Netzhauterkrankung erblindet sind, die Sehfähigkeit partiell wieder herzustellen. Die Idee solcher Sehprothesen ist nicht neu, sie scheint aber aufgrund des allgemeinen technischen Fortschritts nun realisierbar zu werden. Sehprothesen können an jeder Stelle des visuellen Systems integriert werden. So gibt es subretinale und epiretinale Netzhautstimulatoren sowie Stimulatoren, die direkt mit dem Sehnerv verbunden werden. Auch Versuche einer direkten Stimulation der Sehrinde sind unternommen worden. Mehrere große Konsortien verfolgen momentan die epiretinale Stimulation. Grundsätzlich bleibt das große Problem der Signalmodulation zu lösen, sodass über den Stimulator dem Gehirn eine interpretierbare Sehinformation zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Der Artikel fasst unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Beiträge die gegenwärtigen Konzepte zusammen.

Abstract

The implantation of electronic retina stimulators appears to be a future possibility to restore vision, at least partially in patients with retinal degeneration. The idea of such visual protheses is not new but due to the general technical progress it has become more likely that a functioning implant will be on the market soon. Visual prosthesis may be integrated in the visual system in various places. Thus there are subretinal and epiretinal implants, as well as implants that are connected directly to the optic nerve or the visual cortex. The epiretinal approach is the most promising at the moment, but the problem of appropriate modulation of the image information is unsolved so far. This will be necessary to provide a interpretable visual information to the brain. The present article summarises the concepts and includes some latest information from recent conferences.

Schlüsselwörter

Retina - Informationstechnologie - Elektrophysiologie

Key words

retina - information technology - electrophysiology

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