PDF herunterladen
Semin Plast Surg 2008; 22(4): 306-318
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095889
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Reconstruction of the Eyelids after Mohs Surgery

Jamil Ahmad1 , David W. Mathes3 , Kamel M. Itani2
  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
  • 2Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
  • 3Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
07. November 2008 (online)

Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

ABSTRACT

A variety of defects of the upper and lower eyelids can be encountered after Mohs surgery. The goals of eyelid reconstruction are to provide structural and functional restoration with an acceptable aesthetic result. A thorough knowledge of the intricate anatomy of the eyelids combined with familiarity of the wide variety of reconstructive options is required to achieve these goals. In this article, we review the anatomy of the eyelids, and we present commonly used techniques for reconstruction of the upper and lower eyelids and the medial and lateral canthal regions after Mohs surgery.

KEYWORDS

Mohs - eyelid anatomy - eyelid reconstruction - buried vertical mattress

REFERENCES

  • 1 Rose J G, Lucarelli M J, Cook B E, Lemke B N. Surgical anatomy of the eyelid. In: Gladstone GJ, Black E, Myint S, Brazzo BG, Nesi FA Oculoplastic Surgery Atlas: Eyelid Disorders. New York, NY; Springer-Verlag 2002: 1-16
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Kikkawa D L, Lemke B N. Orbital and eyelid anatomy. In: Dortzbach RK Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery: Prevention and Management of Complications. New York, NY; Raven Press 1994: 1-29
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Doxanas M T, Anderson R F. Oriental eyelids: an anatomic study.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;  102 1232-1235
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 DiFrancesco L M, Codner M A, McCord C D. Upper eyelid reconstruction.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;  114 98e-107e
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Hawes M J, Dortzbach R K. The microscopic anatomy of the lower eyelid retractors.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;  100 1313-1318
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Jones L T. An anatomical approach to the problems of the eyelids and lacrimal apparatus.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1961;  66 111-124
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Wulc A E, Dryden R M, Khatchaturian T. Where is the gray line?.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;  105 1092-1098
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Wesley R E, McCord C D, Jones N A. Height of the tarsus of the lower eyelid.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1980;  90 102-105
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Anderson R L. The medial canthal tendon branches out.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1977;  95 2051-2052
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Whitnall S E. Anatomy of the Human Orbit. London, England; Oxford University Press 1932
    Google Scholar
  • 11 Anderson R L, Dixon R S. The role of Whitnall's ligament in ptosis surgery.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1979;  97 705-707
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Meyer D R, Linberg J V, Wobig J L, McCormick S A. Anatomy of the orbital septum and associated eyelid connective tissues: implications for ptosis surgery.  Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991;  7 104-113
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Zide B M. Anatomy of the eyelids.  Clin Plast Surg. 1981;  8 623-634
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Codere F, Tucker N A, Renaldi B. The anatomy of Whitnall ligament.  Ophthalmology. 1995;  102 2016-2019
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Burroughs J R, Soparkar C N, Patrinely J R. The buried vertical mattress: a simplified technique for eyelid margin repair.  Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;  19 323-324
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Tenzel R R. Reconstruction of the central one half of an eyelid.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1975;  93 125-126
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Tenzel R R, Stewart W B. Eyelid reconstruction by the semicircle flap technique.  Ophthalmology. 1978;  85 1164-1169
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Levine M R, Buckman G. Semicircular flap revisited.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;  104 915-917
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Mustardé J C. The use of flaps in the orbital region.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1970;  45 146-150
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Mustardé J C. Major reconstruction of the eyelids: functional and aesthetic considerations.  Clin Plast Surg. 1981;  8 227-246
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Hughes W L. A new method for rebuilding a lower lid: report of a case.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1937;  17 1008-1017
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Macomber W B, Wang M K, Gottlieb E. Epithelial tumors of the eyelids.  Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1954;  98 331-342
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Cies W A, Bartlett R E. Modification of the Mustarde and Hughes methods of reconstructing the lower lid.  Ann Ophthalmol. 1975;  7 1497-1502
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Pollock W J, Colon G A, Ryan R F. Reconstruction of the lower eyelid by a different lid-splitting operation: case report.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1972;  50 184-187
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 McCord Jr C D, Nunery W R. Reconstructive procedures of the lower eyelid and outer canthus. In: McCord CD Jr Oculoplastic Surgery. New York, NY; Raven Press 1981: 119-144
    Google Scholar
  • 26 Doxanas M T. Orbicularis muscle mobilization in eyelid reconstruction.  Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;  104 910-914
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Rohrich R J, Zbar R I. The evolution of the Hughes tarsoconjunctival flap for lower eyelid reconstruction.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;  104 518-522
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Maloof A, Ng S, Leatherbarrow B. The maximal Hughes procedure.  Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;  17 96-102
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Esser J FS. Transplanting a vertically placed pedicled wedge from the upper to the lower lid or vice versa.  Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1919;  63 379-381
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Mustardé J C. Reconstruction of the upper lid, and the use of nasal mucosal grafts.  Br J Plast Surg. 1968;  21 367-377
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Cutler N L, Beard C. A method for partial and total upper lid reconstruction.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1955;  39 1-7
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Fischer T, Noever G, Langer M, Kammer E. Experience in upper eyelid reconstruction with the Cutler-Beard technique.  Ann Plast Surg. 2001;  47 338-342
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Fox S A, Beard C. Spontaneous lid repair.  Am J Ophthalmol. 1964;  58 947-952
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Harrington J N. Reconstruction of the medial canthus by spontaneous granulation (laissez-faire): a review.  Ann Ophthalmol. 1982;  14 956-974
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Mustardé J C. Repair and Reconstruction in the Orbital Region. 2nd ed. Edinburgh, Scotland; Churchill-Livingstone 1980
    Google Scholar
  • 36 Maloof A J, Leatherbarrow B. The glabellar flap dissected.  Eye. 2000;  14 597-605
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Field L M. The glabellar transposition “banner” flap.  J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1988;  14 376-379
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Yildirim S, Aköz T, Akan M, Çakir B. The use of combined nasolabial V-Y advancement and glabellar flaps for large medial canthal defects.  Dermatol Surg. 2001;  27 215-218
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Kazanjian V H, Roopenian A. Median forehead flaps in the repair of defects of the nose and surrounding areas.  Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1956;  60 557-566
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Mathes S J, Nahai F. Reconstructive Surgery: Principles, Anatomy, and Technique. Philadelphia, PA; Churchhill-Livingston 1997
    Google Scholar
  • 41 Price D L, Sherris D A, Bartley G B, Garrity J A. Forehead flap periorbital reconstruction.  Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2004;  6 222-227
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Dortzbach R K, Hawes M J. Midline forehead flap in reconstructive procedures of the eyelids and exenterated socket.  Ophthalmic Surg. 1981;  12 257-268
    Google Scholar
  • 43 Converse J M, Wood-Smith D. Experiences with the forehead island flap with a subcutaneous pedicle.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1963;  31 521-527
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Field L M. The midline forehead island flap.  J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1987;  13 243-246
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

Kamel M ItaniM.D. 

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8895

eMail: kamel.itani@utsouthwestern.edu