Sicher Bewegen im Alter: Optimierung der sensomotorischen Fähigkeiten zur Sturzprävention

Zusammenfassung

Viele ältere Menschen fürchten sich vor Stürzen und davor, sich dabei Knochenbrüche zuzuziehen. Tatsächlich steigt das Sturzrisiko mit zunehmendem Alter, weil Muskelkraft, -ausdauer, -koordination und -flexibilität abnehmen. Zur Verbesserung von Kraft, Kraft-Ausdauer, kardiopulmonaler Funktion und posturaler Balance werden Übungs- und Trainingstherapien eingesetzt. Ein individuelles Kraft- und Balancetraining scheint das Sturzrisiko um 20 %, regelmäßiges Tai-Chi sogar um bis zu 50 % zu senken. Epidemiologische Daten implizieren, dass Übungs- und Trainingstherapieprogramme nicht nur das Sturzrisiko, sondern auch das Verletzungs- und Frakturrisiko günstig beeinflussen können. Außerdem scheint sich regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität auf Sturzrisikofaktoren wie Schlafstörungen, Depression und kognitive Defizite günstig auszuwirken. Konsequentes gezieltes und progressives Üben und Trainieren sind somit im Rahmen der Prävention, Rehabilitation und Remobilisation hervorragend geeignet, das Sturzrisiko und wahrscheinlich auch das Verletzungsrisiko im Alter deutlich zu senken.

Abstract

Many elderly people are afraid of falls and fall-associated bone fractures. Reduced muscular strength, endurance, coordination, and flexibility are the reasons for an increased risk of falls in the elderly. Participation in a regular exercise program counteracts these age-associated deficits. An individually prescribed muscle strengthening and balance training program reduces the risk of falls by 20 %, Tai Chi group exercise even by 50 %. Regular exercise performance may not only have positive effects on the risk of falling but also on the risk of fall-induced injuries or fractures as well. Additionally, elderly who perform exercises on a regular basis suffer less frequently from risk factors for falls, like sleep disturbances, depression, and cognitive deficits. Thus, regular participation in exercise programs seems to reduce the risk of falls and probably also the risk of injuries in the elderly.

Schlüsselwörter

älterer Mensch - Muskelfunktionen - Sensomotorik - Übungstherapie - medizinische Trainingstherapie

Key words

elderly - muscle functions - sensorimotor system - exercise therapy - medical training therapy

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