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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088374
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Oleanolic Acid by Inhibition of Secretory Phospholipase A2
Publikationsverlauf
Received: April 16, 2008
Revised: October 16, 2008
Accepted: October 23, 2008
Publikationsdatum:
11. Dezember 2008 (online)


Abstract
Oleanolic acid, a triterpenoid known for its anti-inflammatory properties, is commonly present in several medicinal plants. The present study evaluated the effect of oleanolic acid on sPLA2, a key enzyme in inflammatory reactions. Oleanolic acid inhibited sPLA2 activities of human synovial fluid (HSF), human pleural fluid (HPF) and Vipera russelli (VRV-PL-V) and Naja naja (NN-PL-I) snake venoms in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of sPLA2 from these sources ranged from 3.08 to 7.78 μM. Increasing calcium (Ca2+) concentrations from 2.5 to 15 mM and substrate concentration up to 180 nM did not affect the level of inhibition. Oleanolic acid enhanced the relative intrinsic fluorescence intensity of sPLA2 (VRV-PL-V). In the presence of oleanolic acid, an apparent shift in the far UV-CD spectrum of sPLA2 was observed. These studies indicate direct interaction with the enzyme and formation of an sPLA2-oleanolic acid complex. The complex formed resulted in irreversible inhibition of sPLA2. Oleanolic acid inhibited indirect hemolytic activity and mouse paw edema induced by sPLA2. Inhibition of in vitro and in vivo sPLA2 activity by oleanolic acid explains the observed anti-inflammatory properties of several oleanolic acid-containing medicinal plants.
Abbreviations
COX.1/2:cyclooxygenase-1/2
HPF:human pleural fluid
HSF:human synovial fluid
LOX:lipoxygenase
NN-PL-I:Naja naja phospholipase-I
PAF:platelet activation factor
p-BPB:para-bromophenacyl bromide
sPLA2:secretory phospholipase A2
UV-CD:ultraviolet circular dichroism
VRV-PL-V:Vipera russelli venom phospholipase-V
Key words
oleanolic acid - human synovial fluid - human pleural fluid - anti-inflammatory - sPLA2 - snake venom PLA2