Planta Med 2008; 74(14): 1667-1677
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088314
Review
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergic Activities of Luteolin

Günter Seelinger1 , Irmgard Merfort2 , Christoph M. Schempp3
  • 1Medical Services Dr. Seelinger, Berlin, Germany
  • 2Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
  • 3Competence Center Skintegral®, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Further Information

Publication History

Received: June 18, 2008 Revised: July 18, 2008

Accepted: July 25, 2008

Publication Date:
20 October 2008 (online)

Abstract

Luteolin is a flavone which occurs in medicinal plants as well as in some vegetables and spices. It is a natural anti-oxidant with less pro-oxidant potential than the flavonol quercetin, the best studied flavonoid, but apparently with a better safety profile. It displays excellent radical scavenging and cytoprotective properties, especially when tested in complex biological systems where it can interact with other anti-oxidants like vitamins. Luteolin displays specific anti-inflammatory effects at micromolar concentrations which are only partly explained by its anti-oxidant capacities. The anti-inflammatory activity includes activation of anti-oxidative enzymes, suppression of the NFκB pathway and inhibition of pro-inflammatory substances. In vivo, luteolin reduced increased vascular permeability and was effective in animal models of inflammation after parenteral and oral application. Although luteolin is only a minor component in our nutrition (less than 1 mg/day) epidemiological studies indicate that it has the potential to protect from diseases associated with inflammatory processes such as cardiovascular disease. Luteolin often occurs in the form of glycosides in plants, but these are cleaved and the aglycones are conjugated and metabolized after nutritional uptake which has to be considered when evaluating in vitro studies. Some data for oral and topical bioavailability exist, but more quantitative research in this field is needed to evaluate the physiological and therapeutical potential of luteolin.

Abbreviations

Akt:serine/threonin protein kinase B

COX-2:cyclooxygenase-2

CVD:cardiovascular disease

DPPH:2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

EAE:experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

EGCG:epigallocatechin 3-gallate

fMLP:fMetLeuPhe, formyl peptide

GSH:glutathione

IFN-γ:interferon γ

IκB:Inhibitor of kappa B

IL:interleukin

iNOS:inducible nitric oxygen synthase

IP-10:inducible nitric oxygen synthase

IRF:interferon regulatory factor

LPS:lipopolysaccharide

LysoPAF AcTF:1-lysophospholipide acetyltransferase

MAPK:mitogen-activated protein kinase

M-CSF:macrophage colony-stimulating factor

NFκB:nuclear factor kappa B

8-OHdG:8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine

PGE2:prostaglandin E2

PMA:phorbol myristate acetate

ROS:reactive oxygen species

TEAC:trolox equivalent anti-oxidant capacity

TNF-α:tumor necrosis factor-α

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Prof. Dr. med. Christoph M. Schempp

Competence Center Skintegral®

Department of Dermatology

University Medical Center Freiburg

Hauptstr. 7

79102 Freiburg

Germany

Phone: +49-761-270-6701

Fax: +49-761-270-6829

Email: christoph.schempp@uniklinik-freiburg.de