Download PDF
Planta Med 2008; 74(13): 1625-1634
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088306
Review
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) – A Review on the Characteristic Components and Potential Health Effects

Sabine E. Kulling1 , Harshadai M. Rawel1
  • 1Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal (OT Bergholz-Rehbrücke), Germany
Further Information

Publication History

Received: May 19, 2008 Revised: August 18, 2008

Accepted: August 28, 2008

Publication Date:
20 October 2008 (online)

Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The intention of this review is to contribute to a better understanding of the potentials of the nutritional contribution of Aronia berries (Aronia melanocarpa). The paper gives a short background to their botanical classification and cultivation practice, going in detail to describe the chemical composition of the berries. The emphasis is laid thereby upon the phenolic constituents. The paper finally gives a short resume of their beneficial effects in biological systems in vitro, in animals, and in humans, thus underlining their medicinal potential.

Key words

Aronia melanocarpa - chokeberry - Rosaceae - anthocyanins - procyanidins - colon cancer - diabetes - cardiovascular disease

References

  • 1 Seidemann J. Chokeberries a fruit little-known till now.  Dtsch Lebensmitt Rundsch. 1993;  89 149-51
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Strigl A W, Leitner E, Pfannhauser W. Die schwarze Apfelbeere (Aronia melanocarpa) als natürliche Farbstoffquelle.  Dtsch Lebensmitt Rundsch. 1995;  91 177-80
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Hardin J W. The enigmatic chokeberries (Aronia, Rosaceae).  Bull Torrey Bot Club. 1973;  100 178-84
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Hukkanen A T, Polonen S S, Karenlampi S O, Kokko H I. Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of sweet rowanberries.  J Agric Food Chem. 2006;  54 112-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Jeppsson N. The effect of cultivar and cracking on fruit quality in black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) and hybrids between chokeberry and rowan (Sorbus).  Gartenbauwissenschaft. 2000;  65 93-8
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Lehmann H. About the aptitude of the black rowanberries (Aronia melanocarpa) for industrial processing.  Lebensmittelindustrie. 1982;  29 175-7
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 McKay S A. Demand increasing for aronia and elderberry in North America. Available at http://www.fruit.cornell.edu/Berries/specialtyfru %20pdf/aroniaeldeberry.pdf. Accessed April 19, 2008. (Reprinted from: New York Berry News, Vol. 3 No. 11, March 17, 2004.) 
    Google Scholar
  • 8 Ara V. Schwarzfruchtige Aronia: Gesund – und bald ”in aller Munde”?.  Flüssiges Obst. 2002;  10 653-8
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Lehmann H. Die Aroniabeere und ihre Verarbeitung.  Flüssiges Obst. 1990;  57 746-52
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Scott R W, Skirvin R M. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa Michx.): A semi-edible fruit with no pests.  J Am Pomol Soc. 2007;  61 135-7
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Jeppsson N, Johansson R. Changes in fruit quality in black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) during maturation.  J Hortic Sci Biotechnol. 2000;  75 340-5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Fan-Yung A F, Rechits M A. Veränderungen der chemischen Zusammensetzung von Apfelbeeren während der Lagerung und Verarbeitung; Nachrichten höhere Lehranstalten Krasnodar.  Izv Vyssh Uchebn Zaved, Pishch Tekhnol. 1977;  1 76-8
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Jeppsson N. The effects of fertilizer rate on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality, with special respect to pigments, in black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) cv. ”Viking”.  Sci Hortic. 2000;  83 127-37
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Skupien K, Oszmianski J. The effect of mineral fertilization on nutritive value and biological activity of chokeberry fruit.  Agric Food Sci. 2007;  16 46-55
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Martynov E G. Influence of trace elements on the accumulation of anthocyanins in the fruit of Aronia melanocarpa. .  Chem Nat Comp. 1979;  14 451-2
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Du Q, Jerz G, Winterhalter P. Isolation of two anthocyanin sambubiosides from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) by high-speed counter-current chromatography.  J Chromatogr A. 2004;  1045 59-63
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Degenhardt A, Knapp H, Winterhalter P. Separation and purification of anthocyanins by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and screening for antioxidant activity.  J Agric Food Chem. 2000;  48 338-43
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Gilewicz-Lukasik B, Koter S, Kurzawa J. Concentration of anthocyanins by the membrane filtration.  Sep Purif Technol. 2007;  57 418-24
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Balcerek M, Szopa J S. Optimization of the technology of Aronia spirit production – Part 1: Selection of the fermentation conditions.  Dtsch Lebensmitt Rundsch. 2002;  98 326-31
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Balcerek M, Szopa J S. Optimization of the technology of Aronia spirit production – Part 2. Influence of the fermentation conditions on the aroma compounds.  Dtsch Lebensmitt Rundsch. 2005;  101 16-9
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Valcheva-Kuzmanova S V, Belcheva A. Current knowledge of Aronia melanocarpa as a medicinal plant.  Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2006;  48 11-7
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Krenn L, Steitz M, Schlicht C, Kurth H, Gaedcke F. Anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-rich extracts of berries in food supplements – analysis with problems.  Pharmazie. 2007;  62 803-12
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Wawer I. The power of nature: Aronia melanocarpa, 1st edition. London; Nature's Print Ltd 2006: 1-168
    Google Scholar
  • 24 Tanaka T, Tanaka A. Chemical components and characteristics of black chokeberry.  J Jpn Soc Food Sci Technol. 2001;  48 606-10
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Wawer I, Wolniak M, Paradowska K. Solid state NMR study of dietary fiber powders from Aronia, bilberry, black currant and apple.  Solid State Nucl Magn Reson. 2006;  30 106-13
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Nawirska A, Kwasniewska M. Dietary fibre fractions from fruit and vegetable processing waste.  Food Chem. 2005;  91 221-5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Borycka B, Stachowiak J. Relations between cadmium and magnesium and Aronia fractional dietary fibre.  Food Chem. 2008;  107 44-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Wiese S, Kruse H P, Kulling S E. Research project ”Dietary procyanidins – From a better understanding of human health effects to functionalised foods. Bioavailability and biological activity of procyanidins. Internal Report 2008
    Google Scholar
  • 29 Hofsommer H J, Koswig S. Zum Nachweis von Aronia in schwarzer Johannisbeere.  Flüssiges Obst. 2005;  72 289-93
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Zlatanov M D. Lipid composition of Bulgarian chokeberry, black currant and rose hip seed oils.  J Sci Food Agric. 1999;  79 1620-4
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Pliszka B, Huszcza-Ciolkowska G, Wierzbicka E. Effects of extraction conditions on the content of anthocyanins and bioelements in berry fruit extracts.  Commun Soil Sci Plant. 2008;  39 753-62
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Ognik K, Rusinek E, Sembratowicz I, Truchlinski J. Contents of heavy metals, nitrate (V), and nitrate (III) in fruits of elderberry and black chokeberry depending on harvest site and vegetation period.  Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2006;  57 235-41
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Stralsjo L, Ahlin H, Witthoft C M, Jastrebova J. Folate determination in Swedish berries by radioprotein-binding assay (RPBA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).  Eur Food Res Technol. 2003;  216 264-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Razungles A, Oszmianski J, Sapis J C. Determination of carotenoids in fruits of Rosa sp. (Rosa canina and Rosa rugosa) and of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa).  J Food Sci. 1989;  54 774-5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Milazzo S, Ernst E, Lejeune S, Schmidt K. Laetrile treatment for cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006: CD005476
    Google Scholar
  • 36 Milazzo S, Lejeune S, Ernst E. Laetrile for cancer: a systematic review of the clinical evidence.  Support Care Cancer. 2007;  15 583-95
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Weinges K, Schick H, Schilling G, Irngartinger H, Oeser T. Composition of an anthocyan concentrate from Aronia melanocarpa Elliot – X-ray analysis of tetraacetyl parasorboside.  Eur J Org Chem. 1998;  1 189-92
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Hirvi T, Honkanen E. Analysis of the volatile constituents of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa Ell).  J Sci Food Agric. 1985;  36 808-10
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Kähkönen M P, Hopia A I, Heinonen M. Berry phenolics and their antioxidant activity.  J Agric Food Chem. 2001;  49 4076-82
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Kraemer-Schafhalter A, Fuchs H, Pfannhauser W. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) – a comparison of 16 materials for the purification of anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa var Nero.  J Sci Food Agric. 1998;  78 435-40
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Kolesnikov M P, Gins V K. Phenolic substances in medicinal plants. Appl Biochem Microbiol 2001; 37 : 392 – 9. Translated from Kolesnikov MP, Gins VK. Phenolic compounds in medicinal plants.  Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. 2001;  37 457-65
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Hudec J, Bakos D, Mravec D, Kobida L, Burdova M, Turianica I. et al . Content of phenolic compounds and free polyamines in black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) after application of polyamine biosynthesis regulators.  J Agric Food Chem. 2006;  54 3625-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Kähkönen M P, Hopia A I, Vuorela H J, Rauha J P, Pihlaja K, Kujala T S. et al . Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds.  J Agric Food Chem. 1999;  47 3954-62
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Mayer-Miebach E, Adamiuk M, Behsnilian D. Research project Dietary procyanidins – From a better understanding of human health effects to functionalised foods. Process engineering to improve procyanidin stability and extractability. Internal Report 2008
    Google Scholar
  • 45 Oszmianski J, Wojdylo A. Aronia melanocarpa phenolics and their antioxidant activity.  Eur Food Res Technol. 2005;  221 809-13
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Esatbeyoglu T, Winterhalter P. Research project Dietary procyanidins – From a better understanding of human health effects to functionalised foods. Isolation, characterisation and analysis of procyanidins. Internal Report 2008
    Google Scholar
  • 47 Wu X L, Gu L W, Prior R L, McKay S. Characterization of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in some cultivars of Ribes, Aronia, and Sambucus and their antioxidant capacity.  J Agric Food Chem. 2004;  52 7846-56
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Jakobek L, Seruga M, Medvidovic-Kosanovic M, Novak I. Anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of various red fruit juices.  Dtsch Lebensmitt Rundsch. 2007;  103 58-64
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Benvenuti S, Pellati F, Melegari M, Bertelli D. Polyphenols, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and radical scavenging activity of Rubus, Ribes, and Aronia.  J Food Sci. 2004;  69 FCT164-FCT9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Strigl A W, Leitner E, Pfannhauser W. Qualitative und quantitative Analyse der Anthocyane in Schwarzen Apfelbeeren (Aronia melanocarpa Michx Ell) mittels TLC, HPLC and UV/VIS-Spectrometrie.  Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 1995;  201 266-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Minkiewicz P, Pliszka B, Dziuba J, Oszmianski J. Second and third derivatives of UV spectra as a tool for identification of major anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa extract, separated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.  Collect Czech Chem Commun. 2004;  69 1443-52
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Bridle P, Timberlake C F. Anthocyanins as natural food colours – selected aspects.  Food Chem. 1997;  58 103-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Malien-Aubert C, Dangles O, Amiot M J. Color stability of commercial anthocyanin-based extracts in relation to the phenolic composition. Protective effects by intra- and intermolecular copigmentation.  J Agric Food Chem. 2001;  49 170-6
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Wilska Jeszka J, Korzuchowska A. Anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid copigmentation – Influence on the colour of strawberry and chokeberry juices.  Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 1996;  203 38-42
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Mattila P, Hellstrom J, Torronen R. Phenolic acids in berries, fruits, and beverages.  J Agric Food Chem. 2006;  54 7193-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Slimestad R, Torskangerpoll K, Nateland H S, Johannessen T, Giske N H. Flavonols from black chokeberries, Aronia melanocarpa. .  J Food Compost Anal. 2005;  18 61-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 Manach C, Williamson G, Morand C, Scalbert A, Remesy C. Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies.  Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;  81 230S-42S
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Prior R L, Gu L. Occurrence and biological significance of proanthocyanidins in the American diet.  Phytochemistry. 2005;  66 2264-80
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 Aron P M, Kennedy J A. Flavan-3-ols: Nature, occurrence and biological activity.  Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008;  52 70-104
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Rawel H M, Kulling S E. Nutritional contribution of coffee, cacao and tea phenolics to human health.  J Verbr Lebensm. 2007;  2 399-406
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 61 Zafra-Stone S, Yasmin T, Bagchi M, Chatterjee A, Vinson J A, Bagchi D. Berry anthocyanins as novel antioxidants in human health and disease prevention.  Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007;  51 675-83
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Duthie S J. Berry phytochemicals, genomic stability and cancer: evidence for chemoprotection at several stages in the carcinogenic process.  Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007;  51 665-74
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 Zheng W, Wang S Y. Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of phenolics in blueberries, cranberries, chokeberries, and lingonberries.  J Agric Food Chem. 2003;  51 502-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Gadjeva V, Ivanova D, Belcheva A. Antioxidant activity of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice in vitro. .  Acta Aliment. 2007;  36 425-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Jakobek L, Seruga M, Novak I, Medvidovic-Kosanovic M. Flavonols, phenolic acids and antioxidant activity of some red fruits.  Dtsch Lebensmitt Rundsch. 2007;  103 369-78
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Bermudez-Soto M J, Tomas-Barberan F A. Evaluation of commercial red fruit juice concentrates as ingredients for antioxidant functional juices.  Eur Food Res Technol. 2004;  219 133-41
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Pool-Zobel B L, Bub A, Schroder N, Rechkemmer G. Anthocyanins are potent antioxidants in model systems but do not reduce endogenous oxidative DNA damage in human colon cells.  Eur J Nutr. 1999;  38 227-34
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Moyer M P, Hummer K E, Finn C E, Frei B, Wrolstad R E. Anthocyanins, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity in diverse small fruits: Vaccinium, Rubus, and Ribes. .  J Agric Food Chem. 2002;  50 519-25
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Kalt W, Forney C F, Martin A, Prior R L. Antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, phenolics, and anthocyanins after fresh storage of small fruits.  J Agric Food Chem. 1999;  47 4638-44
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 70 Ehlenfeldt M K, Prior R L. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and phenolic and anthocyanin concentrations in fruit and leaf tissues of highbush blueberry.  J Agric Food Chem. 2001;  49 2222-7
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 Wang S Y, Stretch A W. Antioxidant capacity in cranberry is influenced by cultivar and storage temperature.  J Agric Food Chem. 2001;  49 969-74
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 72 Wang H, Cao G, Prior R L. Total antioxidant capacity of fruits.  J Agric Food Chem. 1996;  44 701-5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 Seeram N P, Aviram M, Zhang Y, Henning S M, Feng L, Dreher M. et al . Comparison of antioxidant potency of commonly consumed polyphenol-rich beverages in the United States.  J Agric Food Chem. 2008;  56 1415-22
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Gil M I, Tomas-Barberan F A, Hess-Pierce B, Holcroft D M, Kader A A. Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing.  J Agric Food Chem. 2000;  48 4581-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 75 Hider R C, Liu Z D, Khodr H H. Metal chelating of polyphenols. In: Packer L, editor Methods in enzymology, flavonoids and other polyphenols, Vol. 335. San Diego; Academic Press 2001: 190-203
    Google Scholar
  • 76 Scalbert A, Deprez S, Mila I, Albrecht A M. Proanthocyanidins and human health: Systemic effects and local effects in the gut.  Biofactors. 2000;  13 115-20
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 77 Faff J, Frankiewicz-Jozko A. Effect of anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa on the exercise-induced oxidative stress in rat tissues.  Biol Sport. 2003;  20 15-23
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 78 Frankiewicz-Jozko A, Faff J. Effect of anthocyanin pigments from fruits of Aronia melanocarpa on the exercise-induced increase in lipid peroxidation marker in rat tissues.  Biol Sport. 1999;  16 31-8
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 79 Kowalczyk E, Charyk K, Fijalkowski P, Niedworok J, Blaszczyk J, Kowalski J. Protective influence of natural anthocyanins of Aronia melanocarpa on selected parameters of antioxidative status in experimental intoxication with sulphide-2-chloroethyl-3-chloropropyl.  Pol J Environ Stud. 2004;  13 339-41
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 80 Kowalczyk E, Kopff A, Niedworok J, Kopff M, Jankowski A. Anthocyanins – an adjunct to cardiovascular therapy?.  Kardiol Pol. 2002;  57 332-6
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 81 Matsumoto M, Hara H, Chiji H, Kasai T. Gastroprotective effect of red pigments in black chokeberry fruit (Aronia melanocarpa Elliot) on acute gastric hemorrhagic lesions in rats.  J Agric Food Chem. 2004;  52 2226-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 82 Pilaczynska-Szczesniak L, Skarpanska-Steinborn A, Deskur E, Basta P, Horoszkiewicz-Hassan M. The influence of chokeberry juice supplementation on the reduction of oxidative stress resulting from an incremental rowing ergometer exercise.  Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005;  15 48-58
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 83 Malik M, Zhao C W, Schoene N, Guisti M M, Moyer M P, Magnuson B A. Anthocyanin-rich extract from Aronia meloncarpa E. induces a cell cycle block in colon cancer but not normal colonic cells.  Nutr Cancer. 2003;  46 186-96
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 84 Zhao C, Giusti M M, Malik M, Moyer M P, Magnuson B A. Effects of commercial anthocyanin-rich extracts on colonic cancer and nontumorigenic colonic cell growth.  J Agric Food Chem. 2004;  52 6122-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 85 Bermudez-Soto M J, Larrosa M, Garcia-Cantalejo J M, Espin J C, Tomas-Barberan F A, Garcia-Conesa M. Up-regulation of tumor suppressor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells following repetitive exposure to dietary levels of a polyphenol-rich chokeberry juice.  J Nutr Biochem. 2007;  18 259-71
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 86 Lala G, Malik M, Zhao C W, He J, Kwon Y, Giusti M M. et al . Anthocyanin-rich extracts inhibit multiple biomarkers of colon cancer in rats.  Nutr Cancer. 2006;  54 84-93
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 87 Cooke D, Schwarz M, Boocock D, Winterhalter P, Steward W P, Gescher A J. et al . Effect of cyanidin-3-glucoside and an anthocyanin mixture from bilberry on adenoma development in the ApcMin mouse model of intestinal carcinogenesis – relationship with tissue anthocyanin levels.  Int J Cancer. 2006;  119 2213-20
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 88 Ding M, Feng R, Wang S Y, Bowman L, Lu Y, Qian Y. et al . Cyanidin-3-glucoside, a natural product derived from blackberry, exhibits chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity.  J Biol Chem. 2006;  281 17 359-68
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 89 Gasiorowski K, Szyba K, Brokos B, Kolaczynska B, Jankowiak Wlodarczyk M, Oszmianski J. Antimutagenic activity of anthocyanins isolated from Aronia melanocarpa fruits.  Cancer Lett. 1997;  119 37-46
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 90 Atanasova-Goranova V K, Dimova P I, Pevicharova G T. Effect of food products on endogenous generation of N-nitrosamines in rats.  Br J Nutr. 1997;  78 335-45
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 91 Kowalczyk E, Kopff A, Fijalkowski P, Kopff M, Niedworok J, Blaszczyk J. et al . Effect of anthocyanins on selected biochemical parameters in rats exposed to cadmium.  Acta Biochim Pol. 2003;  50 543-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 92 Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Borisova P, Galunska B, Krasnaliev I, Belcheva A. Hepatoprotective effect of the natural fruit juice from Aronia melanocarpa on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage in rats.  Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2004;  56 195-201
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 93 Zapolska-Downar D, Kosmider A, Naruszewicz M. Flavonoids-rich extract from chokeberry fruits inhibits oxLDL-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells.  Atherosclerosis Suppl. 2006;  7 223
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 94 Han G L, Li C M, Mazza G, Yang X G. Effect of anthocyanin rich fruit extract on PGE2 produced by endothelial cells.  Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2005;  34 581-4
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 95 Olas B, Wachowicz B, Tomczak A, Erler J, Stochmal A, Oleszek W. Comparative anti-platelet and antioxidant properties of polyphenol-rich extracts from: berries of Aronia melanocarpa, seeds of grape and bark of Yucca schidigera in vitro. .  Platelets. 2008;  19 70-7
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 96 Ryszawa N, Kawczynska-Drozdz A, Pryjma J, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Adamek-Guzik T, Naruszewicz M. et al . Effects of novel plant antioxidants on platelet superoxide production and aggregation in atherosclerosis.  J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006;  57 611-26
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 97 Bell D R, Burt T D. Phenolic acids contained in anthocyanin enriched extracts from elderberry, bilberry and chokeberry possess endothelium dependent and independent vasorelaxation properties in porcine coronary arteries.  Faseb J. 2007;  21 A366
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 98 Bell D R, Gochenaur K. Direct vasoactive and vasoprotective properties of anthocyanin-rich extracts.  J Appl Physiol. 2006;  100 1164-70
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 99 Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Kuzmanov K, Mihova V, Krasnaliev I, Borisova P, Belcheva A. Antihyperlipidemic effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet.  Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2007;  62 19-24
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 100 Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Kuzmanov K, Tancheva S, Belcheva A. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.  Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2007;  29 101-5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 101 Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Kuzmanov K, Tsanova-Savova S, Mihova V, Krasnaliev I, Borisova P. et al . Lipid-lowering effects of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets.  J Food Biochem. 2007;  31 589-602
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 102 Skoczynska A, Jedrychowska I, Poreba R, Affelska-Jercha A, Turczyn B, Wojakowska A. et al . Influence of chokeberry juice on arterial blood pressure and lipid parameters in men with mild hypercholesterolemia.  Pharmacol Rep. 2007;  59 177-82
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 103 Skoczynska A, Jedrychowska I, Poreba R, Affelska A, Turczyn B. The influence of chokeberry juice on arterial blood pressure.  Pharmacol Rep. 2007;  59 (Suppl. 1) 66
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 104 Naruszewicz M, Laniewska I, Millo B, Dluzniewski M. Combination therapy of statin with flavonoids rich extract from chokeberry fruits enhanced reduction in cardiovascular risk markers in patients after myocardial infarction (MI).  Atherosclerosis. 2007;  194 e179-84
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 105 Naruszewicz M, Daniewski M, Laniewska I, Pikto-Pietkiewicz W, Millo B, Zapolska-Downar D. Effect of anthocyanins from chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) on blood pressure, inflammatory mediators and cell adhesion molecules in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI).  Atherosclerosis Suppl. 2003;  4 143
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 106 Simeonov S B, Botushanov N P, Karahanian E B, Pavlova M B, Husianitis H K, Troev D M. Effects of Aronia melanocarpa juice as part of the dietary regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus.  Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2002;  44 20-3
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 107 Naruszewicz M, Laniewska I, Millo B, Dluzniewski M. Combination therapy of statin with flavonoids rich extract from chokeberry fruits enhanced reduction in cardiovascular risk markers in patients after myocardial infraction (MI).  Atherosclerosis. 2007;  194 e179-84
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 108 Peng X, Cheng K W, Ma J, Chen B, Ho C T, Lo C. et al . Cinnamon bark proanthocyanidins as reactive carbonyl scavengers to prevent the formation of advanced glycation endproducts.  J Agric Food Chem. 2008;  56 1907-11
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 109 Urios P, Grigorova-Borsos A M, Peyroux J, Sternberg M. Inhibition of advanced glycation by flavonoids. A nutritional implication for preventing diabetes complications.  J Soc Biol. 2007;  201 189-98
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 110 Pinent M, Blay M, Blade M C, Salvado M J, Arola L, Ardevol A. Grape seed-derived procyanidins have an antihyperglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and insulinomimetic activity in insulin-sensitive cell lines.  Endocrinology. 2004;  145 4985-90
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 111 Zielinska-Przyjemska M, Olejnik A, Dobrowolska-Zachwieja A, Grajek W. Effects of Aronia melancarpa polyphenols on oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils from obese and non-obese individuals.  Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 2007;  6 75-87
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

Prof. Dr. Sabine E. Kulling

University of Potsdam

Institute of Nutritional Science

Department of Food Chemistry

Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114 – 116

14558 Nuthetal (OT Bergholz-Rehbrücke)

Germany

Phone: +49-33200-88-580

Fax: +49-33200-88-582

Email: kulling@uni-potsdam.de

    www.thieme-connect.de/ejournals/toc/plantamedica