Selective Halogenation of Bithiophenes
Using 2-Halopyridazin-3(2H)-ones ­under
Ambient Conditions

Kwang-Ju Jung; Seung Beom Kang; Ju-Eun Won; Song-Eun Park; Ki Hun Park; Jong Keun Park; Sang-Gyeong Lee; Yong-Jin Yoon

doi:10.1055/s-0028-1087536

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Synlett 2009(3): 490-494
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1087536

LETTER

Selective Halogenation of Bithiophenes Using 2-Halopyridazin-3(2H)-ones under Ambient Conditions

Kwang-Ju Jung^a, Seung Beom Kang^a, Ju-Eun Won^a, Song-Eun Park^a, Ki Hun Park^b, Jong Keun Park*^c, Sang-Gyeong Lee^a, Yong-Jin Yoon*^a
^a Department of Chemistry & Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Research Institute of Natural Science, Graduate School for Materials and Nanochemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
Fax: +82(055)7610244; e-Mail: yjyoon@gnu.ac.kr;
^b Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Gyeonsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
^c Department of Chemistry Education and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea

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Publication History

Received 25 September 2008
Publication Date:
21 January 2009 (online)

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Abstract

2,2′-Bithiophene and halogenated-2,2′-bithiophenes were halogenated with 2-halo-4,5-dichloropyridazin-3(2H)-one in the presence of zinc halide to give selectively the corresponding dihalo-, trihalo-, and tetrahalo-2,2′-bithiophenes involving the same or different halogens in excellent yields, respectively.

Keywords

bithiophene - halogenation - chlorination - bromination - 2-halopyridazin-3(2H)-one

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9

General Procedure To a solution of zinc halide (1 mol%), 2-halo-4,5-dichloro-pyridazin-3 (2H)-one 2 (1-5 equiv), and CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL), bithiophenes (1 equiv) were added with stirring at r.t. Then, the reaction mixture was stirred until the 2 disappeared by TLC monitoring. The reaction mixture was filtered using Celite-545 pad, and washed with EtOAc (10-20 mL). The combined filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was applied to the top of open-bed silica gel column (3 × 20 cm), and the column was eluted with n-hexane. Fractions containing the product were combined and evaporated under reduced pressure to give product. 5-Chloro-2,2′-bithiophene (3a)
Liquid; R _f = 0.56 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3070, 3043, 1507, 1421, 1065, 1001, 869, 789 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 7.21 (dd, 1 H, J = 1.2, 5.1 Hz), 7.09 (dd, 1 H, J = 1.2, 3.6 Hz), 6.99 (dd, 1 H, J = 3.6, 5.1 Hz), 6.92 (d, 1 H, J = 3.9 Hz), 6.82 (d, 1 H, J = 3.9 Hz) ppm. ^¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 136.50, 136.03, 128.65, 127.86, 126.86, 124.76, 123.93, 122.86 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₅ClS₂: 199.9521; found: 199.9519. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₅ClS₂: C, 47.87; H, 2.51. Found: C, 47.90; H, 2.55. 5-Bromo-2,2′-bithiophene (3b)
Colorless crystals; mp 33 ˚C (recrystallization from CHCl₃; lit. [¹0] mp 32-33 ˚C), R _f = 0.51 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3099, 3082, 3066, 1501, 1439, 1414, 1350, 1198, 1074, 1051, 966, 879, 835, 820, 787, 690, 644, 611, 455 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 7.20 (dd, 1 H, J = 1.2, 5.1 Hz), 7.09 (dd, 1 H, J = 1.2, 3.6 Hz), 6.99 (dd, 1 H, J = 3.6, 5.1 Hz), 6.95 (d, 1 H, J = 3.8 Hz), 6.89 (d, 1 H, J = 3.8 Hz) ppm. ^¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 138.93,136.42, 130.58, 127.85, 124.82, 124.06, 123.85, 110.93 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₅BrS₂: 243.9016; found: 243.9012. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₅BrS₂: C, 39.19; H, 2.06. Found: C, 39.21; H, 2.10. 5,5′-Dichloro-2,2′-bithiophene (4a)
Colorless crystals; mp 109 ˚C (recrystallization from CHCl₃; lit. [¹¹] mp 109-110 ˚C); R _f = 0.64 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3095, 1504, 1418, 1137, 1075, 1012, 857, 816, 785 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ = 6.85 (d, 2 H, J = 3.9 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2 H, J = 3.9 Hz) ppm. ^¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 135.03, 129.18, 126.91, 123.06 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₄Cl₂S₂: 233.9131; found: 233.9130. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₄Cl₂S₂: C, 40.86; H, 1.71. Found: C, 40.90; H, 1.74. 5,5′-Dibromo-2,2′-bithiophene (4b)
Colorless crystals; mp 141 ˚C (recrystallization from CHCl₃; lit. [¹a] mp 147 ˚C, mp 146 ˚C, [¹²] mp 142 ˚C [¹³] ); R _f = 0.59 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3090, 3067, 3036, 2922, 1732, 1535, 1497, 1454, 1412, 1317, 1196, 1057, 966, 864, 814, 789, 623, 604, 455 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 6.98 (d, 2 H, J = 3.9 Hz), 6.87 (d, 2 H, J = 3.9 Hz) ppm. ^¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 137.81, 130.66, 124.16, 111.55 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₄Br₂S₂: 321.8121; found: 321.8126. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₅ Br₂S₂: C, 29.65; H, 1.24. Found: C, 29.68; H, 1.29. 5-Bromo-5′-chloro-2,2′-bithiophene (4c)
Colorless crystals; mp 123 ˚C; R _f = 0.64 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3069, 3040, 1730, 1578, 1541, 1504, 1418, 1342, 1279, 1196, 1065, 999, 966, 868, 791, 633, 457 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 6.98 (d, 1 H, J = 3.8 Hz), 6.88 (d, 1 H, J = 3.9 Hz), 6.85 (d, 1 H, J = 4.0 Hz), 6.84 (d, 1 H, J = 4.0 Hz) ppm. ^¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 137.90, 134.94, 130.65, 129.28, 126.95, 124.04, 123.18, 111.43 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₄BrClS₂: 277.8626; found: 277.8626. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₄BrClS₂: C, 34.36; H, 1.44. Found: C, 34.39; H, 1.50. 3,5,5′-Trichloro-2,2′-bithiophene (5a)
Colorless crystals; mp 99 ˚C (recrystallization from CHCl₃; lit. [³c] mp 102-103 ˚C), R _f = 0.69 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3097, 2925, 1499, 1402, 1305, 1136, 1012, 812 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 7.02 (d, 1 H, J = 4.0 Hz), 6.87 (d,
1 H, J = 4.0 Hz), 6.79 (s, 1 H) ppm. ^¹³C NMR(75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 131.35, 131.19, 128.56, 128.28, 127.86, 127.05, 126.24, 125.48, 120.06 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₃Cl₃S₂: 267.8742; found: 267.8742. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₃Cl₃S₂: C, 35.64; H, 1.12. Found: C, 35.68; H, 1.17. 3,5,5′-Tribromo-2,2′-bithiophene (5b)
Colorless crystals; mp 84 ˚C; R _f = 0.63 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3090, 2953, 2922, 2851, 1732, 1680, 1535, 1493, 1464, 1450, 1410, 1371, 1283, 1240, 1219, 1130, 1063, 1018, 974, 866, 814, 785, 638, 453 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 7.05 (d, 1 H, J = 3.9 Hz), 7.02 (d, 1 H, J = 3.9 Hz), 6.98 (s, 1 H) ppm. ^¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 134.78, 133.80, 133.14, 130.03, 127.08, 113.79, 111.57, 107.32 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₃Br₃S₂: 399.7226; found: 399.7215. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₃Br₃S₂: C, 23.85; H, 0.75. Found: C, 23.87; H, 0.80. 3,3′,5,5′-Tetrachloro-2,2′-bithiophene (6a)
Colorless crystals; mp 113-114 ˚C (recrystallization from CHCl₃; lit. [³c] mp 120-121); R _f = 0.73 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3095, 2932, 1509, 1418, 1301, 1125, 1007, 811 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 6.88 (s, 2 H) ppm. ^¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 131.09, 127.05, 124.33, 123.63 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₂Cl₄S₂: 301.8352; found: 301.8352. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₂Cl₄S₂: C, 31.60; H, 0.66. Found: C, 31.63; H, 0.69. 3,3′,5,5′-Tetrabromo-2,2′-bithiophene (6b)
Colorless crystals; mp 140 ˚C (recrystallization from CHCl₃; lit. [5] mp 138-140 ˚C); R _f = 0.66 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3097, 2920, 2851, 1537, 1479, 1447, 1393, 1288, 1126, 980, 920, 872, 827, 800, 739, 669, 584, 503, 469 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 7.07 (s, 2 H) ppm. ^¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 133.01, 129.59, 114.82, 112.13 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₂Br₄S₂: 477.6331; found: 477.6335. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₂Br₄S₂: C, 19.94; H, 0.42. Found: C, 20.00; H, 0.48. 3,3′,5-Tribromo-5′-chloro-2,2′-bithiophene (6c)
Colorless crystals; mp 125 ˚C;, R _f = 0.69 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3099, 1539, 1485, 1452, 1396, 1315, 1292, 1230, 1198, 1128, 1011, 978, 874, 831, 798, 675, 586, 474 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 7.04 (s, 1 H), 6.92 (s, 1 H) ppm. ^¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 132.98, 132.55, 129.56, 126.69, 114.80, 112.17, 111.47, 111.41 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₂Br₃ClS₂: 433.6837; found: 433.6841. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₂Br₃ClS₂: C, 21.97; H, 0.46. Found: C, 22.01; H, 0.49. 5-Bromo-3,3′,5′-trichloro-2,2′-bithiophene (6d)
Colorless crystals; mp 125 ˚C; R _f = 0.71 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3094, 2920, 2851, 1742, 1717, 1701, 1634, 1495, 1456, 1398, 1373, 1302, 1215, 1136, 1014, 982, 812, 685, 590, 465 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 6.98 (s,
1 H), 6.86 (s, 1 H) ppm. ^¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 131.12, 130.52,127.15, 127.06, 124.40, 124.35, 123.62, 113.41 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₂BrCl₃S₂: 345.7847; found: 345.7845. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₂BrCl₃S₂: C, 27.57; H, 0.58. Found: C, 27.59; H, 0.62. 3,3′-Dibromo-5,5′-dichloro-2,2′-bithiophene (6e)
Colorless crystals; mp 103 ˚C; R _f = 0.69 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3101, 2952, 2922, 2851, 1537, 1489, 1455, 1419, 1401, 1295, 1131, 1074, 1016, 833, 799, 683, 588, 478, 460, 439 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 6.91 (s, 2 H) ppm. ^¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 132.52, 129.55, 126.72, 111.47 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₂Br₂Cl₂S₂: 389.7342; found: 389.7340. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₂Br₂Cl₂S₂: C, 24.45; H, 0.51. Found: C, 24.47; H, 0.56. 5,5′-Dibromo-3,3′-dichloro-2,2′-bithiophene (6f)
Colorless crystals; mp 124 ˚C; R _f = 0.75 (n-hexane). IR (KBr): 3090, 2953, 2922, 2853, 1636, 1491, 1464, 1394, 1298, 1134, 980, 924, 814, 675, 590, 461 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 6.99 (s, 2 H) ppm. ^¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 133.00, 130.53, 124.39, 113.46 ppm. HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C₈H₂Br₂Cl₂S₂: 389.7342; found: 389.7346. Anal. Calcd for C₈H₂Br₂Cl₂S₂: C, 24.45; H, 0.51. Found: C, 24.48; H, 0.57.