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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1083506
Synthesis of Functionalized Dialkyl Cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylates and Alkyl 5,6-Dihydro-4H-pyran-3-carboxylates via Michael-Induced Ring Closure of δ-Chloro-α,β-Unsaturated Diesters and Ketoesters
Publication History
Publication Date:
01 October 2008 (online)
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Abstract
Michael-induced ring closure (MIRC) of dimethyl 2-(3-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropylidene)malonate, upon treatment with sodium tert-butylthiolate, sodium methoxide or sodium cyanide in methanol, provided a short and efficient synthesis of new 2-functionalized cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic esters. Under similar conditions, methyl 2-acetyl-5-chloro-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enoate afforded 4-functionalized methyl 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-3-carboxylates as the MIRC products.
Key words
Michael-induced ring closure - cyclobutanes - dihydropyrans - carboxylic esters - cyclizations
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References and Notes
Postdoctoral fellow of the Research Foundation, Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen).
23
General Procedure:
To a three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, dropping
funnel and mechanical stirrer was added anhyd THF (200 mL). At 0 ˚C,
TiCl4 (0.2 mol) in CCl4 (50 mL) was added,
after which, a solution of 3-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropanal (1; 0.1 mol) and dimethyl malonate (2a) or methyl acetoacetate (2b;
0.1 mol) in anhyd THF (50 mL) was added dropwise. Subsequently,
at 0 ˚C, anhyd pyridine (0.4 mol) in anhyd THF (50 mL)
was added dropwise over a period of 45 min. The reaction was stirred under
reflux (6-8 h), poured into crushed ice (500 mL), extracted
with Et2O (3 × 100 mL) and washed with brine,
sat. NaHCO3 and brine again. After drying (MgSO4),
filtration and evaporation under reduced pressure the pure alkylidene ester
was obtained via high-vacuum distillation.
Dimethyl
2-(3-Chloro-2,2-dimethylpropylidene)malonate (3a): yield: 72%;
bp 85 ˚C/0.01 Torr. ¹H NMR
(270 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.23 (s, 6 H, CMe2),
3.49 (s, 2 H, CH2), 3.78 (s, 3 H, COOMe), 3.83 (s, 3 H,
COOMe), 6.94 (s, 1 H, CH=C). ¹³C
NMR (68 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 24.3, 39.1,
52.4, 52.6, 54.4, 127.6, 150.9, 164.3, 166.8. IR (NaCl): 1730 (C=O),
1650 (C=C) cm-¹. MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = 234
(9) [M+], 219 (39), 185 (35),
167 (83), 153 (100), 135 (78), 125 (39), 67 (39), 59 (57), 41 (52).
Anal. Calcd for C10H15ClO4: C,
51.18; H, 6.44. Found: C, 51.01; H, 6.61.
Methyl
2-Acetyl-5-chloro-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enoate (3b): E/Z = 39:61;
yield: 69%; bp 68 ˚C/0.02 Torr. ¹H
NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3; Z-isomer): δ = 1.25
(s, 6 H, CMe2), 2.32 (s, 3 H, COMe), 3.50 (s, 2 H, CH2),
3.84 (s, 3 H, COOMe), 6.75 (s, 1 H, CH=C). ¹H
NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3; E-isomer): δ = 1.22
(s, 6 H, CMe2), 2.44 (s, 3 H, COMe), 3.48 (s, 2 H, CH2),
3.79 (s, 3 H, COOMe), 6.78 (s, 1 H, CH=C). ¹³C
NMR (68 MHz, CDCl3; Z-isomer): δ = 25.3,
31.8, 39.3, 52.5, 54.5, 135.4, 149.8, 164.8, 203.1. ¹³C
NMR (68 MHz, CDCl3; E-isomer): δ = 24.4,
26.1, 39.0, 52.3, 54.6, 136.5, 149.6, 167.8, 195.2. IR (NaCl): 1675-1730
(C=O), 1635 (C=C) cm-¹.
MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = 218 (<1) [M+],
203 (4), 183 (5), 171 (6), 169 (3), 167 (4), 151 (9), 137 (4), 135
(4), 109 (7), 95 (6), 71 (6), 67 (5), 59 (4), 43 (100). Anal. Calcd
for C10H15ClO3: C, 54.92; H, 6.91.
Found: C, 54.78; H, 7.07.
Synthesis of Dimethyl
2-
tert
-Butylsulfanyl-3,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate
(4); Representative Procedure: A solution of 2 M NaOMe in MeOH
(2.5 mL, 5 mmol) was added to tert-butanethiol
(5 mmol). The obtained solution of sodium tert-butylthiolate was
added at r.t. to a solution of dimethyl 2-(3-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropylidene)malonate
(3a; 5 mmol) in anhyd MeOH (5 mL). The
reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h, during which NaCl precipitated,
poured into H2O (100 mL) and extracted with Et2O
(3 × 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4),
filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. High-vacuum distillation
afforded the pure dimethyl 2-tert-butylsulfanyl-3,3-dimethylcyclo-butane-1,1-dicarboxylate(4); yield: 79%; bp 64-65 ˚C/0.02 Torr. ¹H
NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.12 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 1.16 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 1.31 (s, 9 H,
SCMe3), 1.95 [d, 1 H, J = 12.2
Hz, CH(H)], 2.63 [dd,
1 H, J = 12.4, 0.8 Hz, CH(H)], 3.75 (s, 3 H, COOMe), 3.77
(s, 3 H, COOMe), 3.99 (s, 1 H, CHSt-Bu). ¹³C
NMR (68 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 24.1, 30.3,
31.4, 36.9, 39.7, 42.8, 50.9, 52.1, 52.6, 56.5, 170.3, 172.3. IR
(NaCl): 1735 (C=O) cm-¹. MS (EI,
70 eV): m/z (%) = 288
(2) [M+], 258 (1), 232 (8),
231 (8), 201 (8), 176 (54), 145 (23), 144 (77), 116 (8), 113 (23), 88
(100), 59 (31), 57 (92). Anal. Calcd for C14H24O4S:
C, 58.30; H, 8.39. Found: C, 58.15; H, 8.54.
Dimethyl 2-Methoxy-3,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate
(5): yield: 67%; bp 60 ˚C/0.02 Torr. ¹H
NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.10 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 1.14 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 1.65 (d, 1 H, J = 12.2 Hz, CH(H)],
2.55 [d, 1 H, J = 12.2
Hz, CH(H)], 3.41 (s, 3 H, OMe),
3.74 (s, 3 H, COOMe), 3.78 (s, 3 H, COOMe), 4.12 (s, 1 H, CHOMe). ¹³C NMR
(68 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 20.9, 29.8, 35.9,
37.3, 52.58, 52.63, 56.0, 58.5, 85.1, 169.5, 171.9. IR (NaCl): 1730
(C=O) cm-¹. MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = no [M+],
199 (6), 143 (38), 113 (23), 86 (100), 75 (19), 71 (38), 59 (14),
46 (14), 45 (19). Anal. Calcd for C11H18O5:
C, 57.38; H, 7.88. Found: C, 57.09; H, 8.04.
Dimethyl 2-Cyano-3,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate
(6): yield: 63%; bp 85 ˚C/0.04
Torr. ¹H NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.25 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 1.31 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 2.11 [d,
1 H, J = 12.5 Hz, CH(H)], 2.79 [d, 1 H, J = 12.5 Hz, CH(H)], 3.78 (s, 3 H, COOMe), 3.80
(s, 1 H, CHCN), 3.84 (s, 3 H, COOMe). ¹³C
NMR (68 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 25.6, 29.7,
34.0, 38.7, 39.6, 49.7, 53.4, 53.5, 116.5, 168.5, 170.0. IR (NaCl):
2230 (C≡N), 1735 (C=O) cm-¹.
MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = no [M+],
194 (17), 170 (39), 166 (100), 138 (33), 134 (61), 113 (28), 106
(25), 79 (25), 59 (28), 56 (61), 54 (72).
Dimethyl
2-(3-Chloro-1-cyano-2,2-dimethylpropyl)malonate (7): yield:
58%; bp 88-89 ˚C/0.01 Torr. ¹H
NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.11 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 1.20 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 3.47 [d,
1 H, J = 11.9 Hz, CH(H)Cl], 3.60 [d, 1
H, J = 11.6 Hz, CH(H)Cl], 3.67, 3.71 [2 × d,
2 × 1 H, J = 5.4 Hz,
CH(CN)CH],
3.82 (s, 3 H, COOMe), 3.83 (s, 3 H, COOMe). ¹³C
NMR (68 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 22.4, 23.7,
38.3 (2 × C), 49.4, 52.8, 53.3, 53.6, 117.4, 167.0, 167.1.
IR (NaCl): 2240 (C≡N), 1750, 1735 (C=O) cm-¹.
MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%): no [M+],
230 (7), 212 (17), 171 (50), 152 (17), 148 (14), 139 (10), 112 (100),
91 (10), 80 (16), 59 (16), 55 (28). Anal. Calcd for C11H16ClNO4: C,
50.48; H, 6.16; N, 5.35. Found: C, 50.32; H, 6.33; N, 5.24.
Methyl 4-
tert
-Butylsulfanyl-2,5,5-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4
H
-pyran-3-carboxylate
(8): yield: 70%; bp 80-83 ˚C/0.02 Torr. ¹H
NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.01 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 1.10 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 1.34 (s, 9 H,
SCMe3], 2.12 (s, 3 H, C=CMe],
3.45-3.46 (m, 1 H, CHSt
-Bu), 3.54 [dd, 1 H, J = 10.7, 2.8 Hz, CH(H)O], 3.73 (s, 3 H, COOMe), 3.73 [d,
1 H, J = 10.8 Hz, CH(H)O]. ¹³C
NMR (68 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 19.8, 24.1,
24.2, 31.9, 32.2, 44.0, 46.0, 51.0, 72.3, 105.5, 160.0, 168.3. IR
(NaCl): 1700 (C=O), 1615 (C=C) cm-¹.
MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = 272 (8) [M+],
183 (100), 182 (31), 151 (41), 141 (31), 109 (23), 90 (21), 59 (18),
57 (44), 43 (79), 41 (67). Anal. Calcd for C14H24O3S: C,
61.73; H, 8.88. Found: C, 61.54; H, 8.97.
Methyl
4-Methoxy-2,5,5-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4
H
-pyran-3-carboxylate (9): yield: 61%;
bp 52-54 ˚C/0.02 Torr. ¹H
NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 0.84 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 1.01 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 2.23 [s,
3 H, C=C(Me)], 3.46 [s, 3 H, OMe],
3.58 [dd, 1 H, J = 10.2,
2.0 Hz, CH(H)O], 3.66 (br s,
1 H, CHOMe), 3.74 (s, 3 H, COOMe), 3.83 [d, 1 H, J = 10.2 Hz, CH(H)O]. ¹³C
NMR (68 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 20.2, 20.9,
22.5, 33.2, 51.0, 59.6, 71.5, 77.6, 102.9, 165.9, 169.0. IR (NaCl):
1710 (C=O), 1620 (C=C) cm-¹.
MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = 214 (7) [M+],
183 (33), 159 (26), 155 (7), 151 (11), 143 (56), 127 (44), 85 (26),
75 (41), 59 (7), 43 (100). Anal. Calcd for C11H18O4:
C, 61.66; H, 8.47. Found: C, 61.51; H, 8.59.
Methyl 4-Cyano-2,5,5-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4
H
-pyran-3-carboxylate(10):
yield: 64%; bp 82-83 ˚C/0.01
Torr. ¹H NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.03 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 1.24 [s,
3 H, C(Me)Me], 2.31 (s, 3 H,
C=CMe), 3.31 (br s, 1 H, CHC≡N), 3.74 (dd, 1 H, J = 11.2, 2.3 Hz, OCHH], 3.77 (s, 3 H, COOMe), 3.86
(d, 1 H, J = 11.2 Hz, OCHH). ¹³C
NMR (68 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 20.2, 23.1,
23.3, 29.8, 36.2, 51.6, 72.6, 96.6, 119.6, 166.7, 167.0. IR (NaCl):
2235 (C≡N), 1710 (C=O), 1610 (C=C) cm-¹.
MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = 209 (18) [M+],
194 (15), 178 (15), 154 (15), 150 (10), 122 (5), 113 (6), 97 (10),
56 (100). Anal. Calcd for C11H15NO3: C,
63.14; H, 7.23; N, 6.69. Found: C, 63.01; H, 7.51; N 6.56.
Dimethyl 2-(3-Chloro-2,2-dimethylpropyl)malonate (13): Sample was isolated via preparative GC from a distillation fraction (bp 88-91 ˚C/0.02 Torr). ¹H NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 0.98 (s, 6 H, CMe2), 2.08 (d, 2 H, J = 6.6 Hz, CH 2CH), 3.34 (s, 2 H, ClCH2), 3.42 (t, 1 H, J = 6.4 Hz, CH2CH), 3.75 [s, 6 H, (COOMe)2]. ¹³C NMR (68 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 24.7, 35.2, 37.5, 47.9, 52.8, 54.9, 170.2. IR (NaCl): 1735 (C=O) cm-¹. MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = no [M+], 221 (<1), 205 (15), 187 (100), 155 (26), 145 (78), 127 (96), 123 (56), 95 (48), 59 (44), 55 (96), 41 (67).