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CC BY 4.0 · Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2026; 73(S 03): e1-e8
DOI: 10.1055/a-2786-1128
Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology

Outcome in Patients with Secundum Type Atrial Septal Defect Referred for Percutaneous or Surgical Closure: A Single-Center Experience

Authors

  • Johanna Gorenflo   ‡

    1   University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Mannheim, Germany

  • Victoria Ziesenitz   ‡

    2   Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden, Germany

  • Mina Farag 

    3   Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany

  • Tsvetomir Loukanov

    3   Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany

  • Matthias Gorenflo 

    1   University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Mannheim, Germany

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Abstract

This single-center, retrospective analysis presents data from 611 patients with a secundum type atrial septal defect (ASD II) closure. Included were patients >2 years of age. Patients presented at a median (range) age of 6.95 (2–86) years for interventional closure of ASD II. Out of 611 patients, 215 underwent intracardiac repair based on transthoracic echocardiography (ECHO) findings. Transcatheter device closure was attempted and successfully performed in 300 out of 396 patients (Amplatzer™ Septal Occluder [ASO], n = 290 patients). Follow-up was 3.3 years (1 day–21.8 years) in patients with interventional closure of ASD II and 0.7 years (3 days–14.7 years; p < 0.001; Mann–Whitney) in patients after surgical closure. There was no in-hospital mortality in both groups. One patient, after Amplatzer device closure with an absent aortic rim, developed erosion, which was treated by cardiac surgery and patch closure of ASD II. Two patients showed dislocation of the device. In 231 out of 396 patients, right ventricular dimension normalized completely as determined on the last follow-up visit. Six patients at a median age of 60 (49.4–68.7) years presented with atrial fibrillation, which persisted after ASD II closure. About 26 patients (6.6%) showed pulmonary hypertension (PH), with 1 presenting with coincidental ASD II and severe PH. Closure of ASD II can be accomplished safely by interventional catheterization and intracardiac repair. In most cases, perioperative transthoracic and transesophageal ECHO is sufficient to decide whether a surgical approach or interventional closure is the best option to close the defect.

Keywords

cardiac catheterization/intervention (includes PCI) - congenital heart disease - CHD - pulmonary arteries/veins

Contributors' Statement

J.G.: contributed to conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, writing–original draft, writing–review and editing. V.Z. contributed to conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, supervision, writing–original draft, writing–review and editing. M.F. contributed to data curation, formal analysis, writing–original draft. T.L. contributed to conceptualization, project administration, validation, writing–review and editing. M.G. contributed to conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, project administration, resources, writing–original draft, writing–review and editing.


‡ These authors contributed equally to this article.




Publication History

Received: 05 July 2025

Accepted: 11 January 2026

Accepted Manuscript online:
19 January 2026

Article published online:
02 February 2026

© 2026. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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