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DOI: 10.1055/a-2735-2780
Imaging of the intrinsic muscles of the hand – Part II: Pathological aspects on high-resolution ultrasound and 3T MRI
Bildgebung der intrinsischen Handmuskulatur. Teil II: Pathologische Aspekte mittels hochauflösendem Ultraschall und 3-T-MRTAuthors
Abstract
Background
There are numerous pathologies of the intrinsic muscles of the hand (IMH). Muscle denervation syndromes of the hand are common in pathologies of the median nerve (MN) and ulnar nerve (UN). They occur following carpal tunnel syndrome, Guyon’s canal syndrome, traumatic, tumoral, inflammatory, or proximal nerve lesions due to upper cervical radiculopathy, or brachial plexus lesions. Myositis of the IMH occurs in various contexts. Traumatic muscle injuries of the hand are rare. Some are characteristic, such as lesions of the third interosseous muscle (IOM) or lesions of the lumbrical muscles (LM) in climbers. Saddle syndrome is due to adhesions of the lumbrical-interosseous intermuscular junctions. It is very often overlooked. In rheumatoid arthritis, tendon tenosynovitis of the IOM is frequently encountered. Enhancement of the LM may be an early imaging marker of the disease. Multiple tumor or pseudotumoral masses can develop within or around IMH. All of these pathologies can be accurately assessed using high-resolution dynamic ultrasound (US) and high-field 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Method
This educational review presents the aspects of the various IMH pathologies on high-resolution US and high-field 3T MRI.
Results and Conclusion
There are numerous IMH pathologies. A radiologist’s knowledge and assessment of these various pathologies allows clinicians and surgeons to make an early and accurate diagnosis and choose the most appropriate treatment.
Key Points
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High-resolution US and high-field 3T MRI allow for a precise assessment of various intrinsic hand muscle pathologies.
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Hand muscle denervation syndromes are common in median and ulnar nerve pathologies.
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Myositis of the intrinsic muscles of the hand occurs in a variety of settings.
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In rheumatoid arthritis, tenosynovitis of the intrinsic hand muscles is common, and enhancement of the lumbrical muscles may represent an early imaging marker.
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MRI facilitates early detection of saddle syndrome.
Citation Format
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Bouredoucen H, Boudabbous S, Poletti P et al. Imaging of the intrinsic muscles of the hand – Part II: Pathological aspects on high-resolution ultrasound and 3 T MRI. Rofo 2025; DOI 10.1055/a-2735-2780
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Pathologien der intrinsischen Handmuskulatur (IHM) sind vielfältig. Muskeldenervationssyndrome der Hand treten häufig bei Erkrankungen des Nervus medianus (NM) und Nervus ulnaris (NU) auf. Diese kommen im Rahmen des Karpaltunnelsyndroms, des Guyon-Kanal-Syndroms, traumatischer, tumoröser, entzündlicher oder proximaler Nervenschädigungen aufgrund zervikaler Radikulopathien oder Plexusbrachialisläsionen vor. Myositiden der IHM treten in verschiedenen klinischen Kontexten auf. Traumatische Muskelverletzungen der Hand sind selten; charakteristische Läsionen sind etwa die des dritten Interossusmuskels (IOM) oder der Lumbricalmuskeln (LM) bei Kletterern. Das Sattelsyndrom entsteht durch Adhäsionen an den intermuskularen Übergängen zwischen Lumbrical- und Interossusmuskeln und wird häufig übersehen. Bei rheumatoider Arthritis ist eine Tenosynovitis der IOM häufig, und die Kontrastmittelaufnahme der LM kann als früher bildgebender Marker dienen. Multiple tumoröse oder pseudotumorale Raumforderungen können innerhalb oder um die IHM entstehen. Alle diese Pathologien lassen sich hervorragend mittels hochauflösendem dynamischem Ultraschall (US) sowie hochfeldiger 3-Tesla-Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) beurteilen.
Methode
Diese Übersichtsarbeit stellt die Aspekte verschiedener Pathologien der IHM anhand von hochauflösendem Ultraschall und hochfeldiger 3-Tesla-MRT dar.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung
Die Pathologien der intrinsischen Handmuskulatur sind zahlreich. Die Kenntnis und Beurteilung dieser Erkrankungen durch Radiologen ermöglicht eine frühzeitige und präzise Diagnosestellung und unterstützt Kliniker sowie Chirurgen bei der Auswahl der optimalen Therapie.
Kernaussagen
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Hochauflösender Ultraschall und hochfeldige 3-Tesla-MRT erlauben eine präzise Beurteilung verschiedener Pathologien der intrinsischen Handmuskulatur.
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Denervationssyndrome der Handmuskulatur sind häufig bei Erkrankungen des Nervus medianus und Nervus ulnaris.
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Myositiden der intrinsischen Handmuskulatur treten in unterschiedlichen klinischen Kontexten auf.
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Bei rheumatoider Arthritis ist die Tenosynovitis der intrinsischen Handmuskulatur häufig, und die Kontrastmittelaufnahme der Lumbricalmuskeln kann ein früher bildgebender Marker sein.
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MRT erleichtert die frühzeitige Erkennung des Sattelsyndroms.
Keywords
Intrinsic muscles of the hand - Muscular denervation - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Guyon’s Canal Syndrome - Myositis - MRI imagingPublication History
Received: 05 August 2025
Accepted after revision: 10 September 2025
Article published online:
08 January 2026
© 2026. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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