Bildgebende Verfahren an der Halswirbelsäule des Pferdes – Teil 1: Röntgen

Zusammenfassung

Die Indikationen für eine röntgenologische Untersuchung der Halswirbelsäule des Pferdes sind zahlreich, denn unterschiedliche neurologische und schmerzassoziierte Symptome bei Auffälligkeiten in der Bewegung bzw. unter dem Reiter können auf pathologische Veränderungen der Halswirbel zurückgeführt werden. Des Weiteren haben in den vergangenen Jahren die Anfragen nach Röntgenaufnahmen der Halswirbelsäule z. B. im Rahmen der Kaufuntersuchung deutlich zugenommen. Die Interpretation der Röntgenaufnahmen ist jedoch insbesondere bei klinisch unauffälligen Pferden eine Herausforderung, da zumeist auch eine prognostische Fragestellung im Raum steht. Derzeit kann vielen röntgenologischen Befunden der equinen Halswirbelsäule nicht immer eine eindeutige klinische Relevanz zugeordnet werden, da einige Befunde (z. B. Osteochondrosis dissecans [OCD] der Facettengelenke) auch bei klinisch unauffälligen Pferden auftreten. In akuten neurologischen Fällen hingegen, wie z. B. einer spinalen Ataxie, ist die Röntgenuntersuchung der Halswirbelsäule etabliert und wird häufig als erstes bildgebendes Verfahren für eine Übersicht der knöchernen Strukturen angewandt. Sowohl die subjektive als auch die objektive Beurteilung der Röntgenaufnahmen liefert häufig schon den Verdacht einer zervikalen Myelopathie, der durch weitere Untersuchungen (wie z. B. Myelografie bzw. computertomografische Myelografie) verifiziert werden sollte. Dadurch können zumeist akute Traumata wie z. B. Frakturen von degenerativen Prozessen differenziert werden. Die vorliegende Literaturübersicht liefert eine Zusammenfassung des derzeitigen Kenntnisstandes in Bezug auf die Interpretation und klinische Relevanz von röntgenologischen Befunden der Halswirbelsäule.

Abstract

A number of indications exist that necessitate radiologic examination of the equine cervical spine. Different neurologic and pain-associated clinical signs within the scope of lameness or poor performance may be associated to pathologies of the cervical spine. Moreover, the number of requests for radiographic examinations of the cervical spine, for example as part of the pre-purchase examination, has increased significantly in recent years. However, the interpretation of radiographs represents a challenge, particularly in the case of clinically sound horses, as it often necessitates the resolution of a prognostic question. At present, a number of radiologic findings of the equine cervical spine lack clear clinical significance, as some findings (e. g. osteochondrosis dissecans [OCD] of the facet joints) also occur in clinically healthy horses. In acute neurologic cases, such as spinal ataxia, radiographic examination of the cervical spine is the imaging procedure of choice. The subjective and objective assessment of radiographs frequently leads to a diagnosis of cervical static myelopathy. Acute trauma, fractures or degenerative processes, may be distinguished from this entity. This literature review presents a summary of the current state of knowledge regarding the interpretation and clinical relevance of radiological findings of the equine cervical spine.

Schlüsselwörter

Radiologie - spinale Ataxie - vertebrale Malformation - HWS

Keywords

Radiography - spinal ataxia - equine - vertebral malformation

Publication History

Received: 25 September 2024

Accepted: 12 March 2025

Article published online:
15 April 2025

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