Die chronische Rhinitis bei Hund und Katze – eine Literaturübersicht zu Ätiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie

Zusammenfassung

Die chronische Rhinitis zählt zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen der oberen Atemwege bei Hund und Katze. Als Ursache wird eine multifaktorielle Genese diskutiert, bei der infektiöse, allergische oder immunmediierte Faktoren eine Rolle spielen können. Bei der Katze geht man davon aus, dass die Erkrankung oftmals Folge einer vorausgegangenen Virusinfektion ist. Betroffene Tiere können einseitigen oder beidseitigen serösen bis mukopurulenten Nasenausfluss oder Epistaxis zeigen. Eine Diagnose wird anhand verschiedener diagnostischer Verfahren, einer histopathologischen Untersuchung von Nasenschleimhautbiopsien sowie durch Ausschluss anderer Nasenhöhlenpathologien wie Neoplasien, Pilzinfektionen, Zahnerkrankungen, Polypen, Parasiten oder Fremdkörpern gestellt. Sekundär kann die chronische Rhinitis durch bakterielle Begleitinfektionen verkompliziert werden. Nasenspülungen, Inhalationstherapie und schleimlösende Medikamente zur Verbesserung der mukoziliären Clearance bilden die Basis der Langzeittherapie. Zusätzlich kann bei einigen Patienten ein Ansprechen auf entzündungshemmende Medikamente wie Kortikosteroide oder nicht steroidale Antiphlogistika beobachtet werden. Die Gabe von Antibiotika wird kontrovers diskutiert und führt in der Regel nicht zu einer Heilung der Symptome.

Abstract

Chronic rhinitis is one of the most common diseases of the upper respiratory tract in dogs and cats. A multifactorial etiology is likely in most patients. In cats in particular, it is assumed that chronic rhinitis is a consequence of a previous viral infection. Affected animals may show unilateral or bilateral serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge or epistaxis. The diagnosis is based on histopathological examination of nasal mucosal biopsies once other causes of chronic nasal problems such as neoplasia, fungal infections, dental disease, parasites, polyps, or foreign bodies have been ruled out. In some cases, chronic rhinitis may be aggravated secondarily by concomitant bacterial infections. In order to improve mucociliary clearance, nasal lavage, inhalation therapy, and mucolytic medications represent the fundament of long-term treatment. In addition, some patients respond to anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The administration of antibiotics is currently being discussed controversially, and does not lead to complete resolution of the clinical signs.

Schlüsselwörter

Oberer Respirationstrakt - chronische Rhinitis - chronische Nasenerkrankung - Nasenausfluss - Niesen

Keywords

Upper respiratory tract - chronic rhinitis - chronic nasal disease - nasal discharge - sneezing

Publication History

Received: 22 September 2023

Accepted: 06 March 2025

Article published online:
15 April 2025

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