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DOI: 10.1055/a-2331-0840
Migräne und psychosomatische Komorbiditäten
Migraine and psychosomatic comorbidity
Zusammenfassung
Die Migräne als häufige neurologische Erkrankung (10-15% der Bevölkerung) ist mit zahlreichen Komorbiditäten assoziiert, insbesondere mit anderen Schmerzsyndromen, psychischen Erkrankungen und funktionellen Störungen. Diese ‚psychosomatischen‘ Komorbiditäten nehmen mit der Migräneschwere weiter zu. Schwer betroffene, komorbide Patienten haben oft auch ein schlechteres Ansprechen auf die spezifische Migränetherapie. Interessanterweise haben die Migräne und die genannten Komorbiditäten zahlreiche gemeinsame ätiologische oder begünstigende Faktoren, z.B. genetische Faktoren, das häufigere Vorkommen bei Frauen und bei Menschen mit traumatischen Vorerfahrungen, sowie (bei Schmerzsyndromen) Zeichen einer zentralen Sensibilisierung. Eine weitere Gemeinsamkeit ist der Zusammenhang mit aktuellem oder chronischem Stresserleben. Wir schlagen ein erweitertes Diathese-Stress-Modell vor, das zusammenhängende, aber doch individuell unterschiedliche Vulnerabilitäten berücksichtigt und, abhängig vom Stresserleben, sowohl das Auftreten einzelner Erkrankungen (z.B. einer isolierten Migräne) als auch das gemeinsame Auftreten der Migräne mit anderen Schmerzsyndromen und weiteren psychosomatischen Komorbiditäten abbilden kann. Zusammenfassend sollten psychosomatische Begleiterkrankungen in der Migränetherapie stets im Blick behalten und ggf. frühzeitig und multimodal behandelt werden.
Abstract
As a common neurological disorder (10-15% of the population), migraine is associated with numerous comorbidities, particularly other pain syndromes, mental illnesses and functional disorders. These 'psychosomatic' comorbidities increase with migraine severity. Severely affected, comorbid patients also often have a poorer response to specific migraine therapy. Interestingly, migraine and the comorbidities mentioned have a number of common aetiological or facilitating factors, e.g. genetic factors, and show a higher incidence in women and in people with previous traumatic experiences, as well as (in the case of pain syndromes) signs of central sensitization. Another common feature is the association with current or chronic stress. We propose an extended diathesis-stress model that takes into account interrelated but individually different vulnerabilities and, depending on the stress experience, can depict both the occurrence of individual disorders (e.g. an isolated migraine) and the joint occurrence of migraine with other pain syndromes and other psychosomatic comorbidities. In summary, psychosomatic comorbidities should always be kept in mind in migraine therapy and, if necessary, treated early and multimodally.
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 15. November 2023
Angenommen nach Revision: 15. Mai 2024
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
17. Juni 2024
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