Übersicht über die eosinophilen Lungen- und Bronchialerkrankungen des Hundes

Zusammenfassung

Bei Hunden mit chronischem Husten kann eine eosinophile Lungenerkrankung (ELD) vor allem bei jungen Patienten vorliegen. Eine Rasseprädisposition ist bei Alaskan Malamutes und Sibirischen Huskys beschrieben. Chronischer Husten ist das häufigste Symptom. Weitere Symptome sind Nasenausfluss, Niesen, Poly- oder Dyspnoe und Leistungsintoleranz. Die genaue Pathogenese ist nicht bekannt. Es wird eine Typ 1 Hypersensitivitätsreaktion vermutet. Eosinophile Lungenerkrankungen können in verschiedene Gruppen (eosinophile Bronchitis, eosinophile Bronchopneumopathie und eosinophiles Granulom) eingeteilt werden. Die diagnostische Aufarbeitung erfolgt mittels Hämatologie, Bildgebung, Bronchoskopie und zytologischer Untersuchung der bronchoalveolären Lavage.

Das Spektrum hinsichtlich der Ausprägungen und der Schweregrade der Veränderungen ist breit. Derzeit erfolgt die Behandlung mit Glukokortikoiden (GK) (systemisch, inhalativ oder einer Kombination von beidem). Die meisten Patienten sprechen gut auf eine Therapie an. Rezidive nach dem Absetzen der Therapie sind häufig.

Abstract

In dogs with chronic cough eosinophilic lung disease (ELD) may be present, especially in young dogs. A breed predisposition has been described in Alaskan Malamutes and Siberian Huskies. Chronic cough is the most common clinical sign. Other symptoms include nasal discharge, sneezing, poly- or dyspnea and exercise intolerance. The exact pathogenesis is unknown. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is suspected. Eosinophilic lung diseases may be classified into different groups (eosinophilic bronchitis, eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy and eosinophilic granuloma). Diagnostic work-up includes hematology, imaging, bronchoscopy and cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A wide spectrum is present in terms of the expression and severity of the changes. The current reported treatment is systemic or inhaled glucocorticoids, or a combination of both.

Most patients respond well to therapy. Relapses after treatment discontinuation are common.

Schlüsselwörter

Atemwegserkrankung - Glukokortikoide - chronischer Husten - Hypersensitivitätsreaktion - Inhalationstherapie

Key words

Respiratory disease - glucocorticoids - chronic cough - hypersensitivity reaction - inhaled therapy

Publication History

Received: 01 June 2023

Accepted: 12 September 2023

Article published online:
27 February 2024

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