Demenzprävention

Demenzerkrankungen sind häufig und werden in Zukunft weiter an Bedeutung und Zahl gewinnen. Da in den meisten Fällen eine kausale Behandlung jedoch nicht möglich ist, kommt der Prävention eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Diese zielt dabei nicht allein auf kognitiv gesunde Personen, sondern ist auch ein zentrales Element in allen Phasen der Erkrankung.

Abstract

Dementia is common and will continue to grow in importance and numbers in the future. However, as causal treatment is not possible in most cases, prevention is particularly important. This is not only aimed at cognitively healthy people, but is also a central element in all phases of the disease.

Schlüsselwörter

Demenzprävention - Risikofaktoren - Interventionsmöglichkeiten - Alzheimer-Demenz - Frühdiagnostik

Key word

Dementia prevention - risk factors - intervention options - Alzheimer’s dementia - early diagnosis

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
15. März 2024

• Literatur

• 1 Franzkowiak P. Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung. Prävention und Krankheitsprävention. In: Leitbegriffe der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Glossar zu Konzepten, Strategien und Methoden. Köln: BZgA DOI: 10.17623/BZGA:Q4-i091-3.0.
• 2 Martins C, Godycki-Cwirko M, Heleno F. et al. Quaternary prevention: Reviewing the concept. Eur J General Pract 2018; 24: 106-111 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2017.1422177.
• 3 Alzheimer’s Disease International. World Alzheimer Report 2019: Attitudes to dementia. London: Alzheimer’s Disease International; 2019
• 4 World Health Organization (WHO). Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines. Geneva: WHO; 2019
• 5 Deutsche Alzheimer Gesellschaft. Informationsblatt 1: Die Häufigkeit von Demenzerkrankungen. Zugriff am 12. Februar 2022 https://www.deutschealzheimer.de/fileadmin/Alz/pdf/factsheets/infoblatt1_haeufigkeit_demenzerkrankungen_dalzg.pdf
• 6 Cao Q, Tan CC, Xu W. et al. The prevalence of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzh Dis 2020; 73: 1157-1166 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-191092.
• 7 Schneider JA, Arvanitakis Z, Bang W. et al. Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in communitydwelling older persons. Neurology 2007; 69: 2197-2204 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000271090.28148.24.
• 8 Deuschl G, Maier W. S3-Leitlinie Demenzen. In: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie. Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie. 2016: Zugriff am 02. März 2023 https://dnvp9c1uo2095.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/038013_LLReport_Demenzen_2016.pdf
• 9 Kövari E, Herrmann FR, Bouras C. et al. Amyloid deposition is decreasing in aging brains: An autopsy study of 1,599 older people. Neurology 2014; 82: 326-331 DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000069.
• 10 Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A. et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet 2020; 396: 413-446 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6.
• 11 Pettigrew C, Soldan A. Defining cognitive reserve and implications for cognitive aging. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2019; 19: 1 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-019-0917-z.
• 12 Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Wirth M, Chételat G. Cognitive reserve and lifestyle: Moving towards preclinical Alzheimerʼs disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7: 134 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00134.
• 13 Norton S, Matthews FE, Barnes DE. et al. Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimerʼs disease: An analysis of population-based data. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13: 788-794 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70136-X.
• 14 Kremen WS, Beck A, Elman JA. et al. Influence of young adult cognitive ability and additional education on later-life cognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2019; 116: 2021-2026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811537116.
• 15 Piras F, Cherubini A, Caltagirone C. et al. Education mediates microstructural changes in bilateral hippocampus. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 32: 282-289 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21018.
• 16 Kok FK, van Leerdam SL, de Lange ECM. Potential mechanisms underlying resistance to dementia in non-demented individuals with Alzheimerʼs disease neuropathology. J Alzh Dis 2022; 87: 51-81 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-210607.
• 17 Sharp ES, Gatz M. Relationship between education and dementia: An updated systematic review. Alzh Dis Assoc Disord25 289-304
• 18 Hoang MT, Kåreholt I, von Koch L. et al. Influence of education and income on receipt of dementia care in Sweden. J Am Medic Direct Ass 2021; 22: 2100-2107
• 19 Chan D, Shafto M, Kievit R. et al. Lifestyle activities in midlife contribute to cognitive reserve in late-life, independent of education, occupation, and late-life activities. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70: 180-183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.012.
• 20 Nikolov P, Hossain S. Do pension benefits accelerate cognitive decline in late adulthood?. Evidence from rural China J Econom Behav Org 2023; 205: 594-617
• 21 Naylor G, Dillard L, Orrell M. et al. Dementia and hearing-aid use: A two-way street. Age Ageing 2022; 51: afac266 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac266.
• 22 Gablenz P, Hoffmann E, Holube I. Prävalenz von Schwerhörigkeit in Nord- und Süddeutschland. HNO 2017; 65: 663-670
• 23 Griffiths TD, Lad M, Kumar S. et al. How can hearing loss cause dementia?. Neuron 2020; 108: 401-412 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.003.
• 24 LoBue C, Munro C, Schaffert J. et al. Traumatic brain injury and risk of long-term brain changes. Accumulation of pathological markers, and developing dementia: A review. J Alzh Dis 2019; 70: 629-654 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-190028.
• 25 Izzy S, Chen PM, Tahir Z. et al. Association of traumatic brain injury with the risk of developing chronic cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. JAMA 2022; 5: e229478 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.9478.
• 26 Sierra C. Hypertension and the risk of dementia. Front Card Med 2020; 7: 5 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00005.
• 27 Zheng Z, Chopp M, Chen J. Multifaceted roles of pericytes in central nervous system homeostasis and disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40: 1381-1401 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X20911331.
• 28 Canavan M, OʼDonnell MJ. Hypertension and cognitive impairment: A review of mechanisms and key concepts. Front Neurol 2022; 13: 821135 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.821135.
• 29 Krivanek TJ, Gale SA, McFeeley BM. et al. Promoting successful cognitive aging: A ten-year update. J Alzh Dis 2021; 81: 871-920 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-201462.
• 30 Topiwala A, Allan CL, Valkanova V. et al. Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline: Longitudinal cohort study. BMJ 2017; 357: j2353 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j2353.
• 31 Prehn K, Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg R, Mai K. et al. Caloric restriction in older adults-differential effects of weight loss and reduced weight on brain structure and function. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27: 1765-1778 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw008.
• 32 Pan X, Luo Y, Roberts AR. Secondhand smoke and womenʼs cognitive function in China. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187: 911-918 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx377.
• 33 Perna L, Trares K, Perneczky R. et al. Risk of late-onset depression and cognitive decline: Results from inflammatory proteome analyses in a prospective population-based cohort study. Am J Geriatr Psych 2022; 30: 689-700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.12.001.
• 34 Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Tang Y. et al. The effect of social networks on the relation between Alzheimerʼs disease pathology and level of cognitive function in old people: A longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 406-412 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70417-3.
• 35 Kelly ME, Duff H, Kelly S. et al. The impact of social activities, social networks, social support and social relationships on the cognitive functioning of healthy older adults: A systematic review. Syst Rev 2017; 6: 259 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0632-2.
• 36 Alzheimer Society of Canada. Risk factors for dementia. Zugriff am 08. Dezember 2022 https://alzheimer.ca/en/about-dementia/how-can-i-prevent-dementia/risk-factorsdementia
• 37 Neuvonen E, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A. et al. Psychosocial determinants for adherence to a healthy lifestyle and intervention participation in the FINGER trial: An exploratory analysis of a randomised clinical trial. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34: 1793-1805 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02088-x.
• 38 Kivipelto M, Ngandu T, Laatikainen T. et al. Risk score for the prediction of dementia risk in 20 years among middle aged people: A longitudinal, population-based study. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 735-741 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70537-3.
• 39 Anstey KJ, Cherbuin N, Herath PM. Development of a new method for assessing global risk of Alzheimerʼs disease for use in population health approaches to prevention. Prev Sci 2013; 14: 411-421 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-012-0313-2.
• 40 Barnes DE, Beiser AS, Lee A. et al. Development and validation of a brief dementia screening indicator for primary care. Alzheim Dement 2014; 10: 656-665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.11.006.
• 41 Haußmann R, Homeyer P, Brandt MD. et al. Prognostischer und differenzialdiagnostischer Stellenwert der Liquordiagnostik bei neurodegenerativen Demenzerkrankungen. Nervenarzt 2022; 93: 1236-1242
• 42 Hansen N, Rauter C, Wiltfang J. Blutbasierte Biomarker zur Optimierung der Früh- und Differenzialdiagnostik der Alzheimer-Demenz. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2022; 90: 326-335 DOI: 10.1055/a-1839-6237.
• 43 Lombardi G, Crescioli G, Cavedo E. et al. Structural magnetic resonance imaging for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimerʼs disease in people with mild cognitive impairment. Coch Data Syst Rev 2020; 3: CD009628 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009628.pub2.
• 44 Bos D, Wolters FJ, Darweesh SKL. et al. Cerebral small vessel disease and the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based evidence. Alzheim Dement 2018; 14: 1482-1492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.04.007.
• 45 Gietl AF. Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie in der Demenzdiagnostik. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psych 2015; 166: 126-134
• 46 Rostamzadeh A, Jessen F. Früherkennung der Alzheimer-Krankheit und Demenzprädiktion bei Patienten mit leichter kognitiver Störung. Nervenarzt 2020; 91: 832-842 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-00907-y.
• 47 van Dyck CH, Swanson CJ, Aisen P. et al. Lecanemab in early Alzheimer’s disease. New Engl J Med 2022; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212948.
• 48 Ryan DJ, O'Regan NA, Caoimh RÓ. et al. Delirium in an adult acute hospital population: Predictors, prevalence and detection. BMJ Open 2013; 3: e001772 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001772.
• 49 Han QYC, Rodrigues NG, Klainin-Yobas P. et al. Risk factors, and impact of delirium on hospitalized older adults with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23: 23-32 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.09.008.
• 50 Fong TG, Inouye SK. The inter-relationship between delirium and dementia: The importance of delirium prevention. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18: 579-596 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00698-7.
• 51 Burton JK, Siddiqi N, Teale EA. et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Coch Data Syst Rev 2019; 2019: CD013307 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013307.
• 52 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Delirium: Prevention, diagnosis and management. London: NICE. 2019
• 53 Omalu BI, DeKosky ST, Minster RL. et al. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a National Football League player. Neurosurgery 2005; 57: 128-134 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000163407.92769.ed.
• 54 Gänsslen A, Krutsch W, Schmehl I. Chronisch Traumatische Enzephalopathie: Wie Sportverletzungen das Gehirn schädigen können. Dtsch Arztebl 2016; 113: 13 DOI: 10.3238/PersNeuro.2016.09.16.03.
• 55 Echemendia RJ, Meeuwisse W, McCrory P. et al. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th edition (SCAT5): Background and rationale. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51: 848-850 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097506.
• 56 Rangfast I, Sönnerstam E, Gustafsson M. Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications among old people with major neurocognitive disorder in 2012 and 2017. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22: 544 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03240-y.
• 57 Morin L, Laroche ML, Texier G. et al. Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults living in nursing homes: A systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17: 862-862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.06.011.
• 58 Kiesel EK, Hopf YM, Drey M. An anticholinergic burden score for German prescribers: Score development. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18: 239 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0929-6.
• 59 Mann NK, Mathes T, Sönnichsen A. et al. Potentially inadequate medications in the elderly: PRISCUS 2.0 – first update of the PRISCUS list. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2023; 120: 3-10 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0377.