Toxins in Botanical Drugs and Plant-derived Food and Feed – from Science to Regulation: A Workshop Review

Dieter Schrenk; Ashley Allemang; Jörg Fahrer; Henrik Harms; Xilin Li; Ge Lin; Catherine Mahony; Patrick Mulder; Ad Peijnenburg; Stefan Pfuhler; Ans Punt; Hartwig Sievers; John Troutman; Frances Widjaja

doi:10.1055/a-2218-5667

Planta Medica, Table of Contents

Planta Med 2024; 90(03): 219-242
DOI: 10.1055/a-2218-5667

Biological and Pharmacological Activity

Reviews

Toxins in Botanical Drugs and Plant-derived Food and Feed – from Science to Regulation: A Workshop Review

Dieter Schrenk

¹Food Chemistry and Toxicology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany

,

Ashley Allemang

²Central Product Safety, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, USA

,

Jörg Fahrer

¹Food Chemistry and Toxicology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany

,

Henrik Harms

³Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany

,

Xilin Li

⁴Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA

,

Ge Lin

⁵School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR

,

Catherine Mahony

⁶Central Product Safety, Procter & Gamble Technical Centre, Reading, United Kingdom

,

Patrick Mulder

⁷Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands

,

Ad Peijnenburg

⁷Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands

,

Stefan Pfuhler

²Central Product Safety, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, USA

,

Ans Punt

⁷Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands

,

Hartwig Sievers

⁸PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG, Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany

,

John Troutman

²Central Product Safety, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, USA

,

Frances Widjaja

⁹Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

In September 2022, the 3rd International Workshop on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and related phytotoxins was held on-line, entitled ʼToxins in botanical drugs and plant-derived food and feed – from science to regulationʼ. The workshop focused on new findings about the occurrence, exposure, toxicity, and risk assessment of PAs. In addition, new scientific results related to the risk assessment of alkenylbenzenes, a distinct class of herbal constituents, were presented. The presence of PAs and alkenylbenzenes in plant-derived food, feed, and herbal medicines has raised health concerns with respect to their acute and chronic toxicity but mainly related to the genotoxic and carcinogenic properties of several congeners. The compounds are natural constituents of a variety of plant families and species widely used in medicinal, food, and feed products. Their individual occurrence, levels, and toxic properties, together with the broad range of congeners present in nature, represent a striking challenge to modern toxicology. This review tries to provide an overview of the current knowledge on these compounds and indicates needs and perspectives for future research.

Key words

Alkenylbenzenes - carcinogenicity - genotoxicity - pyrrolizidine alkaloids - relative toxic potency - risk assessment

Full Text

References

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