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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2024; 149(03): e11-e18
DOI: 10.1055/a-2201-6772
Originalarbeit

Einfluss der Corona-Pandemie auf kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren – Daten von 1775 Teilnehmern der ELITE Studie vor und während der Corona Pandemie

Influence of the Corona pandemic on cardiovascular risk factors – Data from 1775 participants of the ELITE study before and during the Corona pandemic
Paulina Berges
1   Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin – Kardiologie, Klinikum Oldenburg
,
Bastian Schrader
1   Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin – Kardiologie, Klinikum Oldenburg
,
Bernhard Vaske
2   Institut für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (INFO), Cloppenburg
,
Annabelle Bohling
1   Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin – Kardiologie, Klinikum Oldenburg
,
Stephan Lüders
3   Klinik für Nephrologie, Innere Medizin, St.-Josefs-Hospital, Cloppenburg
4   Klinik für Nephrologie und Rheumatologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
,
Albrecht Elsässer
1   Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin – Kardiologie, Klinikum Oldenburg
,
Joachim Schrader
1   Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin – Kardiologie, Klinikum Oldenburg
2   Institut für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (INFO), Cloppenburg
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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Die COVID-19-Pandemie und deren Maßnahmen haben zu einem Defizit der medizinischen Versorgung und zu Änderungen in der Lebensführung der Menschen geführt, was in der Konsequenz auch die kardio- und zerebrovaskuläre Primär- und Sekundärprävention verändert hat. Die vorhandenen Daten beruhen im Wesentlichen auf Umfragen. Neben der Problematik der Korrektheit von Selbsteinschätzungen können die Pandemie per se und die massive öffentliche Berichterstattung die Daten verzerrt haben.

Nur wenige Publikationen haben vor der Pandemie erhobene Daten mit den Ergebnissen im Verlauf der Pandemie verglichen. In der ELITE-Studie werden seit Jahren bei über 5000 Teilnehmern regelmäßige Kontrollen von Risikofaktoren (RF) und psychosozialen Parametern (Stress, Depressionen, Wohlbefinden, Ernährung, Hirnleistung, Bewegung) vorgenommen. Aus dieser Studie wurden die Daten von 1775 Personen ausgewertet, die vor Beginn und erneut während der Pandemie (06.05.2020–25.01.2022) erhoben wurden. Damit waren die Ausgangswerte unbeeinflusst von der Pandemie.

Ergebnisse Erwartungsgemäß fanden sich sowohl Verbesserungen als auch Verschlechterungen der erhobenen Parameter. Blutdruck und depressive Symptome verschlechterten sich signifikant häufiger, wobei Frauen häufiger betroffen waren. Auch das Gewicht und die Stressbelastung stiegen häufiger an, als dass sie sich verbesserten. Nur die körperliche Aktivität zeigte eine geringgradige Zunahme. 24,1 % wiesen ausschließlich Verschlechterungen und keine Verbesserungen dieser Parameter auf. Demgegenüber zeigten 19,6 % ausschließlich Verbesserungen. In der Gruppe mit ausschließlich Verschlechterungen fand sich ein signifikanter Anstieg von Personen mit den Risikofaktoren (RF) Hypertonie, Adipositas, erhöhtes LDL-Cholesterin, Nikotin und Diabetes mellitus. Dies führte zu einer Zunahme von Personen mit 2 und mehr RF. Dagegen reduzierte sich die Zahl von Personen mit 2 und mehr RF in der Gruppe, die nur Verbesserungen aufwies. Auffällig war, dass sich Personen mit Risikofaktoren häufiger verbesserten.

Folgerung Bei einem nicht unerheblichen Teil der Bevölkerung kam es in der Pandemie zu deutlichen Verschlechterungen der RF. Dies betraf besonders den Blutdruck und depressive Symptome – und dabei häufiger Frauen.

Abstract

Background The COVID-19 pandemic and its interventions have led to a deficit in medical care and changes in people's lifestyles, which has consequently changed cardio- and cerebrovascular primary and secondary prevention. The existing data are mainly based on surveys. In addition to the problem of the accuracy of self-assessments, the pandemic per se and the massive public reporting may have biased the data.

Only a few publications have compared data collected before the pandemic with results during the pandemic. The ELITE study has regularly monitored risk factors (RF) and psychosocial parameters (stress, depression, well-being, diet, brain performance, exercise) in over 5000 participants for years. From this study, data were analyzed from 1775 individuals collected before the onset and again during the pandemic (06/05/2020–25/01/2022). Thus, baseline values were unaffected by the pandemic.

Results As expected, both improvements and worsening of the collected parameters were found. Blood pressure and depressive symptoms worsened significantly more often, with women more frequently affected. Weight and stress levels also increased more often than they improved. Only physical activity showed a slight increase. 24.1 % showed only deteriorations and no improvements in these parameters. In contrast, 19.6 % showed improvements exclusively. In the group with only worsening, there was a significant increase in individuals with the risk factors (RF) hypertension, obesity, elevated LDL cholesterol, nicotine, and diabetes mellitus. This resulted in an increase in individuals with 2 or more RF. In contrast, the number of individuals with 2 and more RF decreased in the group with only improvements. Strikingly, individuals with risk factors improved more frequently.

Conclusion A not insignificant part of the population experienced significant worsening of RF during the pandemic. This particularly affected blood pressure and depressive symptoms, and more often women.

Schlüsselwörter

Corona-Pandemie - Lebensstil - Herzinfarkt - Hypertonie - körperliche Aktivität - Diabetes - kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren

Key words

corona pandemic - lifestyle - myocardial infarction - hypertension - physical activity - diabetes - cardiovascular risk factors


Publication History

Article published online:
23 November 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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