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J Reconstr Microsurg 2024; 40(05): 363-370
DOI: 10.1055/a-2199-4151
Original Article

Patient-Reported Abdominal Morbidity Following Abdomen-Based Breast Reconstruction

Jacob Maus 
1   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
,
Ivo A. Pestana 
1   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Abstract

Background Abdominal wall morbidity occurs with increased frequency following flap harvest in the obese abdomen. Its impact on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in breast reconstruction has been poorly characterized.

Methods A retrospective review of obese patients undergoing abdominal-based free autologous breast reconstruction was conducted over 15 years. Patient operative characteristics were recorded and outcomes were analyzed. PROs were assessed using the BREAST-Q abdominal survey.

Results In total, 75 women (108 flaps) with the mean body mass index (BMI) of 33.2 were included. Flaps included deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (24%), muscle-sparing (43%), and free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps (f-TRAM; 33%). World Health Organization (WHO) obesity class, BMI, and flap type did not affect flap failure (1%) or complication rates. Hernia developed in 7%; all necessitated repair. Eight percent developed abdominal bulge; one was repaired. Hernia formation was associated with increased patient age (p < 0.05). Bulge formation occurred more often in f-TRAM donor sites (p = 0.005). BMI, WHO class, flap type, and mesh use were not related to hernia or bulge occurrence in either univariate or multivariate analysis. The survey response rate was 63%. Abdominal Physical Well-Being (proxy for abdominal wall function) and Satisfaction with Abdomen (patient-perceived cosmesis) were similar across flap types, age, and WHO classification groups. Patients with postoperative bulge reported higher abdominal physical well-being scores, regardless of flap type (p < 0.01). Bulge was correlated with lower satisfaction (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The incidence of abdominal wall morbidity following abdominal free-tissue transfer for breast reconstruction was acceptably low in our population of obese patients. Hernia was a clinically significant complication, warranting surgical repair. Bulge was primarily a cosmetic concern and did not detract from patient-reported abdominal wall function. Age may represent an independent risk factor for hernia formation in this population.

Keywords

breast reconstruction - obesity - autologous breast reconstruction - abdominal donor site morbidity - PRO - bulge - hernia - DIEP flap - TRAM

Note

All authors listed above have no disclosures, financial, or otherwise. This project has been presented at the American College of Surgeons Clinical Congress on October 23, 2021.




Publication History

Received: 10 July 2023

Accepted: 21 October 2023

Accepted Manuscript online:
26 October 2023

Article published online:
14 December 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

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