RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/a-2197-9906
Adjuvante Behandlung des caninen Hämangiosarkoms der Milz mit der autologen dendritischen Zelltherapie – eine prospektive, placebokontrollierte, randomisierte Doppelblindstudie
Adjuvant treatment of canine splenic hemangiosarcoma with autologous dendritic cell therapy – a prospective, randomized double-blind studyZusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Hämangiosarkome (HSA) der Milz beim Hund sind hochmaligne mesenchymale Tumoren, die eine hohe Metastasierungsneigung aufweisen. Auch mit adjuvanter Chemotherapie nach der Splenektomie liegen die medianen Überlebenszeiten i.d.R. bei lediglich 5–8 Monaten. Ziel dieser Studie war, anhand einer prospektiven randomisierten Doppelblindstudie nach der Splenektomie die Wirksamkeit einer adjuvanten dendritischen Zelltherapie nach der PetBioCell-Methode zu überprüfen. Zudem wurden mögliche unerwünschten Wirkungen dieser Therapie evaluiert.
Material und Methoden Einundzwanzig Hunde mit histologisch nachgewiesenem, nicht-metastasiertem HSA der Milz (Stadium I und II) nach Splenektomie wurden in die Studie inkludiert. Zehn Hunde erhielten die dendritische Zelltherapie, 11 Hunde bekamen ein Placebo injiziert. Die Applikation erfolgte nach Herstellerangaben in den ersten 3 Monaten monatlich, anschließend alle 3 Monate bis zum Tod der Patienten. Die Überlebenszeiten sowie die unerwünschten Wirkungen beider Gruppen wurden verglichen.
Ergebnisse Der Follow-up aller Patienten reichte bis zur Euthanasie oder Versterben aufgrund von Metastasen. Ein Patient aus der Gruppe mit der dendritischen Zelltherapie wurde aufgrund einer Prostatitis euthanasiert, dieser hatte die längste Überlebenszeit (668 Tage). Ein Hund aus der Placebo-Gruppe überlebte 448 Tage nach Splenektomie. Die mediane Überlebenszeit betrug bei der dendritischen Zelltherapie-Gruppe 74 Tage, bei der Placebo-Gruppe 126 Tage. Statistisch zeigte sich in der Tumor-freien Zeit (t(18) = 1,4, p = 0,911) und der Überlebenszeit (t(19) = –0,094, p = 0,463) zwischen den beiden Gruppen kein Unterschied. Alle unerwünschten Wirkungen waren in der Therapiegruppe mild und selbstlimitierend, auch in der Placebo-Gruppe wurde von ähnlichen milden unerwünschten Wirkungen berichtet.
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Immuntherapie mit autologen, unreifen und ungeprimten dendritischen Zellen nach der PetBioCell-Methode zeigte beim kaninen Hämangiosarkom der Milz in dieser Studienpopulation keine nachweisbare Wirksamkeit hinsichtlich der Tumor-freien Zeit und Überlebenszeit.
Abstract
Objective Canine splenic hemangiosarcomas (HSA) are malignant mesenchymal tumors with a high tendency for metastasis. Median survival times after splenectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy usually range between 5 and 8 months. The aim of this prospective randomized double-blinded study was to examine the efficacy of a commercially available dendritic cell therapy (PetBioCell) following splenectomy. In addition, possible side effects of this therapy were evaluated.
Material and methods Twenty-one dogs with histologically confirmed splenic HSA without metastasis (stages I or II) were included in the study. Ten dogs received the dendritic cell therapy, and 11 dogs received a placebo. Injections were administered according to the manufacturer’s instructions monthly for the first 3 months and then every 3 months until death. Survival times and toxicoses of both groups were compared.
Results Follow-up data were available for all 21 patients; the observation period ranging until euthanasia or metastasis-related death. One patient that had received the dendritic cell therapy was euthanized due to prostatitis and experienced the longest survival time (668 days). One dog in the placebo-group lived for 448 days after splenectomy. The median survival times in the dendritic cell therapy and the placebo group amounted to 74 and 126 days, respectively. There was no significant difference in tumor-free interval (t(18) = 1.4, p = 0.911) and survival times (t(19) = –0.094, p = 0.463) between the 2 groups. Toxicoses reported in both groups were mild and self-limiting.
Conclusion Immunotherapy using autologous, immature and unprimed dendritic cells according to the PetBioCell method failed to show efficacy on tumor-free interval and survival time in the presented dog population with splenic hemangiosarcoma.
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 15. Juni 2023
Angenommen: 25. August 2023
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
06. Dezember 2023
© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart,
Germany
-
Literatur
- 1 Eberle N, von Babo V, Nolte I. et al. Splenic masses in dogs. Part 1: Epidemiologic, clinical characteristics as well as histopathologic diagnosis in 249 cases (2000-2011). Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2012; 40: 250-260
- 2 Moore AS, Rassnick KM, Frimberger AE. Evaluation of clinical and histologic factors associated with survival time in dogs with stage II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy: 30 cases (2011–2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251: 559-565 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.5.559.
- 3 Kessler M, Maurus Y, Koestlin R. Das Hämangiosarkom der Milz – Klinische Aspekte bei 52 Hunden. Tierärztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 1997; 25: 651-656
- 4 Batschinski K, Nobre A, Vargas-Mendez E. et al. Canine visceral hemangiosarcoma treated with surgery alone or surgery and doxorubicin: 37 cases (2005–2014). Can Vet J 2018; 59: 967
- 5 Mullin C, Clifford CA. Histiocytic Sarcoma and Hemangiosarcoma Update. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49: 855-879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.04.009.
- 6 Prymak C, McKee LJ, Goldschmidt MH. et al. Epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, and prognostic characteristics of splenic hemangiosarcoma and splenic hematoma in dogs: 217 cases (1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988; 193: 706-712
- 7 Hammond TN, Pesillo-Crosby SA. Prevalence of hemangiosarcoma in anemic dogs with a splenic mass and hemoperitoneum requiring a transfusion: 71 cases (2003–2005). Sci Rep 2008; 232: 6
- 8 Wood C, Moore A, Gliatto J. et al. Prognosis for dogs with stage I or II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy alone: 32 cases (1991-1993). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1998; 34: 417-421 DOI: 10.5326/15473317-34-5-417.
- 9 Griffin MA, Culp WTN, Rebhun RB. Canine and feline haemangiosarcoma. Vet Rec 2021; 189: e585 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.585.
- 10 Brown NO, Patnaik AK, MacEwen EG. Canine hemangiosarcoma: retrospective analysis of 104 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 186: 56-58
- 11 Ogilvie GK, Powers BE, Mallinckrodt CH. et al. Surgery and doxorubicin in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 1996; 10: 379-384 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1996.tb02085.x.
- 12 Alvarez FJ, Hosoya K, Lara-Garcia A. et al. VAC Protocol for Treatment of Dogs with Stage III Hemangiosarcoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2013; 49: 370-377 DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5954.
- 13 Sorenmo K, Samluk M, Clifford C. et al. Clinical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of intracavitary administration of pegylated liposomal encapsulated Doxorubicin in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2007; 21: 1347-1354
- 14 Gardner HL, London CA, Portela RA. et al. Maintenance therapy with toceranib following doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11: 131 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0446-1.
- 15 Mullin C, Clifford CA. Miscellaneous tumors: Hemangiosarcoma. In: Withrow SJ, Vail DM, Page RL. Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2019: 773-778
- 16 Kim SE, Liptak JM, Gall TT. et al. Epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 59 cases (1997-2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 231: 1550-1557 DOI: 10.2460/javma.231.10.1550.
- 17 Wendelburg KM, Price LL, Burgess KE. et al. Survival time of dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 208 cases (2001–2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015; 247: 393-403 DOI: 10.2460/javma.247.4.393.
- 18 Clifford CA, Mackin AJ, Henry CJ. Treatment of canine Hemangiosarcoma: 2000 and Beyond. J Vet Intern Med 2000; 14: 479-485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02262.x.
- 19 Sorenmo KU, Baez JL, Clifford CA. et al. Efficacy and toxicity of a dose-intensified doxorubicin protocol in canine hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2004; 18: 209-213 DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2004)18<209:eatoad>2.0.co;2.
- 20 Bergman PJ. Cancer Immunotherapies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49: 881-902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.04.010.
- 21 PetBioCell "Dendritische Zelltherapie". Im Internet: https://www.petbiocell.de/dendritische-zelltherapie Stand: 02.05.2023
- 22 Dr. Thomas Grammel. A pilot, uncontrolled study of postsurgical treatment with autologous dendritic cell-based immunologic therapy in 10 dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma. 3rd World Vet Conf Foz Iguacu, Brazil May 25-292015 2016.
- 23 Romani N, Gruner S, Brang D. et al. Proliferating dendritic cell progenitors in human blood. J Exp Med 1994; 180: 83-93 DOI: 10.1084/jem.180.1.83.
- 24 Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. J Exp Med 1994; 179: 1109-1118 DOI: 10.1084/jem.179.4.1109.
- 25 The jamovi project (2023). jamovi (Version 2.3) Windows 11. Retrieved from https://www.jamovi.org
- 26 Matsuyama A, Poirier VJ, Mantovani F. et al. Adjuvant Doxorubicin with or without Metronomic Cyclophosphamide for Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2017; 53: 304-312 DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6540.
- 27 Masyr AR, Rendahl AK, Winter AL. et al. Retrospective evaluation of thrombocytopenia and tumor stage as prognostic indicators in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258: 630-637 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.6.630.
- 28 Bray JP, Orbell G, Cave N. et al. Does thalidomide prolong survival in dogs with splenic haemangiosarcoma?. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59: 85-91 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12796.
- 29 Vail D, Macewen E, Kurzman I. et al. Liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine adjuvant immunotherapy for splenic hemangiosarcoma in the dog: a randomized multi-institutional clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res. 1995
- 30 U’Ren LW, Biller BJ, Elmslie RE. et al. Evaluation of a novel tumor vaccine in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2007; 21: 113-120 DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[113:eoantv]2.0.co;2.
- 31 Broz ML, Binnewies M, Boldajipour B. et al. Dissecting the tumor myeloid compartment reveals rare activating antigen-presenting cells critical for T cell immunity. Cancer Cell 2014; 26: 638-652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.09.007.
- 32 Gardner A, de Mingo Pulido Á, Ruffell B. Dendritic cells and their role in immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11: 924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00924.
- 33 Bol KF, Schreibelt G, Gerritsen WR. et al. Dendritic Cell–Based Immunotherapy: State of the Art and Beyond. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22: 1897-1906 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1399.
- 34 Nava S, Lisini D, Frigerio S. et al. Dendritic cells and cancer immunotherapy: The adjuvant effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22: 12339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212339.
- 35 Anguille S, Smits EL, Lion E. et al. Clinical use of dendritic cells for cancer therapy. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: e257-e267 DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70585-0.
- 36 Konduri V, Halpert MM, Baig YC. et al. Dendritic cell vaccination plus low-dose doxorubicin for the treatment of spontaneous canine hemangiosarcoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 26: 282-291 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0080-3.
- 37 Lee AW, Truong T, Bickham K. et al. A clinical grade cocktail of cytokines and PGE2 results in uniform maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells: implications for immunotherapy. Vaccine 2002; 20: A8-A22 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00382-1.
- 38 Draube A, Klein-González N, Mattheus S. et al. Dendritic cell based tumor vaccination in prostate and renal cell cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One 2011; 6: e18801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018801.
- 39 Sutherland SIM, Ju X, Horvath LG. et al. Moving on from Sipuleucel-T: New dendritic cell vaccine strategies for prostate cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12: 641307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641307.
- 40 De Vries IJM, Krooshoop DJEB, Scharenborg NM. et al. Effective migration of antigen-pulsed dendritic cells to lymph nodes in melanoma patients is determined by their maturation state. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 12-17