State of the art: Simulation in der Ultraschallausbildung

Zusammenfassung

Die Simulation diagnostischer und therapeutischer Prozeduren nimmt in der medizinischen Aus- und Weiterbildung einen wachsenden Stellenwert ein und ist auch für das Erlernen von Ultraschallverfahren zunehmend relevant. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden die verschiedenen Simulationsstufen der Ultraschallmethodik und deren technische Grundlagen beschrieben. Zudem erfolgt eine kritische Literaturanalyse mit daraus abgeleiteten Empfehlungen zur Implementierung von Simulationstechniken in die ärztliche Aus- und Weiterbildung im Bereich der Ultraschalldiagnostik. Eine Gegenüberstellung von Vor- und Nachteilen der praktischen Anwendung belegt den Nutzen von Simulationen in Ausbildungssituationen, insbesondere im Kontext individueller Lernumgebungen und pandemiebedingter Kontaktbeschränkungen. Jedoch können die Komplexität der klinischen Untersuchungssituation und die Interaktion mit realen Patienten nur unvollkommen simuliert werden. Zukünftige Anwendungen sollten daher insbesondere für das Wiederholen und Prüfen bereits erlernter Kompetenzen unter Verwendung standardisierter Feedbackmechanismen eingesetzt werden, um begrenzte Weiterbildungsressourcen effektiver zu nutzen.

Abstract

Technical simulation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is of growing relevance for student education and advanced medical training and has already been introduced in the field of ultrasound. This review gives a broad overview on different levels of simulation for ultrasound diagnostics and highlights the technical background of the methodology. A critical review of the literature reveals recommendations for implementing simulation techniques in medical studies and professional ultrasound training. An analysis of strengths and weaknesses shows the advantages of simulation especially in the context of individual learning situations and COVID-19-related restrictions for personal interaction. However, simulation techniques cannot replace the experiences of complex clinical examinations with direct interaction to real patients. Therefore, future applications may focus on repetition and assessment of achieved competencies by using standardized feedback mechanisms in order to preserve the limited resources for practical medical training.

Schlüsselwörter

Simulation - Ultraschall - Weiterbildung - Phantom - virtuelle Realität - OSAUS

Keywords

simulation - ultrasound - curriculum - phantoms - virtual reality - OSAUS

Publication History

Received: 13 January 2023

Accepted after revision: 24 September 2023

Article published online:
28 February 2024

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