Evaluation der psychischen Belastung geburtshilflicher Patientinnen während des Besuchsverbots der Kliniken im Rahmen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie: Eine prospektive, multizentrische, kontrollierte Studie

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung Zu den Risikofaktoren für eine postpartale Depression zählen fehlende soziale Unterstützung und empfundene soziale Isolation. Wir möchten ermitteln, ob die Isolation der stationären Patientinnen auf den Wöchnerinnenstationen im Rahmen der Corona-Pandemie zu einer erhöhten psychischen Belastung führt.

Methoden und Durchführung Es handelt sich um eine multizentrische, kontrollierte Studie geburtshilflicher Patientinnen ab der 35+0 Schwangerschaftswoche, die im Rahmen eines stationären Aufenthaltes geboren haben. Eingeschlossen wurden Patientinnen während des Besuchsverbots (Studiengruppe) sowie im Anschluss an das Besuchsverbot (Kontrollgruppe). Es erfolgte die Erhebung psychischer Belastung durch den Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) während des stationären Aufenthaltes und sechs bis acht Wochen postpartal.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnten 194 Frauen eingeschlossen werden, 107 in die Studien-, 87 in die Kontrollgruppe. Im Gesamtergebnis des ersten EPDS zeigt sich ein höherer Score in der Studiengruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe (7,0 vs. 4,9 Punkte).Primipara zeigen einen höheren Score im ersten EPDS im Vergleich zu Multipara (7,28 vs. 4,82 Punkte).Frauen, die per Sectio caesarea entbinden, weisen unabhängig von der Isolation einen höheren Wert im ersten EPDS auf als Frauen, die vaginal entbinden (8,42 vs. 5,11 Punkte). Vergleicht man nur die Frauen, die vaginal entbinden, zeigt sich weiterhin ein erhöhter EPDS-Score in der Studiengruppe (5,97 vs. 4,07 Punkte).

Schlussfolgerung Im Rahmen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie sind Gebärende und Wöchnerinnen, hierunter vor allem Primipara, erhöhtem psychischen Stress in den Kliniken ausgesetzt. Die Entbindung per Sectio caesarea führt zu erhöhter psychischer Belastung unabhängig vom Besuchsverbot der Kliniken.

Abstract

Introduction Risk factors for postpartum depression include a lack of social support and perceived social isolation. We would like to determine whether the isolation of inpatients on the maternity wards during Covid-19 leads to increased psychological stress.

Methods This is a multicentre, controlled study of obstetric patients who gave birth during an inpatient stay. Patients were included during the visitation ban (study group) and after the visitation ban (control group). Psychological stress was evaluated with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) during the inpatient stay and six to eight weeks postpartum.

Results A total of 194 women were included, 107 in the study group and 87 in the control group. The overall result of the first EPDS shows a higher score in the study group compared to the control group (7.0 vs. 4.9 points). Primipara show a higher score in the first EPDS compared to multipara (7.28 vs. 4.82). Caesarean section, regardless of isolation, shows a higher score in the first EPDS than vaginal birth (8.42 vs. 5.11). Comparison of vaginal birth shows a higher score only in the study group (5.97 vs. 4.07).

Conclusion In the context of Covid-19, women giving birth and new mothers, especially primipara, are exposed to increased psychological stress in the clinics. Caesarean section leads to increased psychological stress.

Schlüsselwörter

postpartale psychische Erkrankung - SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie - EPDS - Corona - postpartale Depression

Key words

EPDS - Corona - postpartum psychiatric disorders - postnatal depression - SARS-CoV-2-Pandemic

Publication History

Received: 31 July 2023

Accepted after revision: 20 September 2023

Article published online:
06 November 2023

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