Was ist wirksam in forensischer Suchtbehandlung? – Ein nicht-systematischer Einblick in die Evidenzbasierung von Behandlungsansätzen und Interventionen im Kontext des § 64 StGB

Zusammenfassung

Forensische Suchtbehandlung nach § 64 Strafgesetzbuch spielt im deutschen Maßregelvollzugssystem zahlenmäßig eine immer größere Rolle. In den letzten Jahren stand die Frage der Wirksamkeit der Behandlung insgesamt im Fokus zahlreicher Studien. Seltener beschäftigte sich die Forschung jedoch mit der Evidenzbasierung einzelner Interventionen und Wirkfaktoren. Der Artikel gibt einen nicht-systematischen Einblick in den aktuellen Kenntnisstand zu spezifischen Interventionen und Wirkfaktoren in der Behandlung suchtkranker Straftäter. Im Ergebnis lässt sich die Frage, was genau wirkt, nur rudimentär beantworten. Das Konzept der Therapeutischen Gemeinschaft erscheint weitgehend empirisch belegt. Trotz schmaler Evidenzbasis können als aussichtsreiche Therapieformen am ehesten Motivational Interviewing und die Dialektisch-Behaviorale Therapie gelten. Möglicherweise liegt die Wirksamkeit forensischer Suchtbehandlung weniger in der Applikation einzelner Ansätze begründet als in Fragen des Settings und der Haltung der Behandelnden.

Abstract

Forensic addiction treatment according to Section 64 of the German Criminal Code is playing an increasingly important role in the German system of correctional institutions. In recent years, the question of the effectiveness of treatment as a whole has been the focus of numerous studies. Less frequently, however, research has addressed the evidence base of therapeutic interventions and efficacy factors. Since this article takes a non-systematic look into the current state of knowledge on specific interventions and factors that play a role in the effective treatment of addicted offenders, the question of what exactly works can only be answered in a rudimentary way. The concept of Therapeutic Community appears to be largely empirically supported. Based on such evidence as is currently available, motivational interviewing and dialectical-behavioral therapy can be considered the most promising forms of therapy. The effectiveness of forensic addiction treatment lies possibly less in the application of individual approaches than in questions of the setting and the attitude of those providing treatment.

Schlüsselwörter

Maßregelvollzug - Abhängigkeitserkrankung - Evidenzbasierte Medizin - Straftäterbehandlung - Psychotherapie

Key words

Forensic psychiatry - Addiction - offender treatment - psychotherapy - evidence-based medicine

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 22. August 2022

Angenommen nach Revision: 16. Juli 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
22. August 2023

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