Sporttherapie bei schizophrenen Psychosen: Von der Idee bis zur Leitlinie

Zusammenfassung

Schizophrene Psychosen sind aufgrund der Einführung von Antipsychotika vor ca. 70 Jahren in Verbindung mit der Implentierung spezifischer Psychotherapien heute deutlich besser behandelbar. Im Bereich der Negativsymptomatik und krankheitsassoziierten kognitiven Defiziten sind die aktuellen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten jedoch weiter limitiert. In den letzten 15 Jahren konnten randomisiert kontrollierte Studien (RCTs) zeigen, dass körperliches Training und insbesondere Ausdauertraining einen umfassenden ergänzenden Behandlungsansatz darstellen könnte und zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der Positiv-, aber insbesondere auch der Negativsymptomatik und von kognitiven Defiziten zu führen vermag. In der Folge hat Sporttherapie bei schizophrenen Psychosen Eingang in die nationale Behandlungsleitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), aber auch in europäische Empfehlungen, wie der European Psychiatric Association (EPA) Einzug gehalten. Im nächsten Schritt muss eine breite Implementierung in die Versorgung erfolgen, was mit der Einführung des „Living guideline“ Formats (hier erfolgt mindestens einmal jährlich eine Aktualisierung) besser als bisher möglich sein wird. Die vorliegende Arbeit bildet, basierend auf einem narrativen Review, den Prozess der Implementierung von Sporttherapie bei schizophrenen Psychosen von ihren Anfängen bis zur Verankerung in Leitlinien ab und kann analog für andere Therapieformen gelten.

Schlüsselwörter

Schizophrenie - Sport - Ausdauertraining - Behandlungsleitlinien - Therapie

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
26. September 2023

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