Die Urinuntersuchung bei Hund und Katze, Teil 2: Urinsedimentanalyse

Zusammenfassung

Die Urinsedimentanalyse ist Teil einer Routine-Urinuntersuchung und dient der Identifikation von unlöslichen Urinbestandteilen. Sie wird vor allem für die Diagnose von Harnwegserkrankungen eingesetzt, kann aber auch bei der Diagnostik von systemischen Erkrankungen oder Vergiftungen hilfreich sein. Die Urinsedimentanalyse sollte idealerweise an frischem Urin durchgeführt werden, da es lagerungsbedingt zu Änderungen der Zellmorphologie, zur Zelllyse oder in-vitro-Kristallbildung kommen kann. Bei der manuellen Urinsedimentanalyse eignet sich ein ungefärbtes Nasspräparat zur Identifikation und Quantifizierung von Urinsedimentbestandteilen. Die Anfertigung gefärbter Nass- oder Trockenpräparate kann zur genaueren Differenzierung von Zellen und zum Nachweis von Bakterien notwendig sein. Seit einigen Jahren stehen ebenso automatische Urinsedimentanalysegeräte in der Tiermedizin zur Verfügung. Sie bringen eine große Zeit- und Personalersparnis mit sich, jedoch ist eine Verifizierung der automatisch generierten Ergebnisse durch erfahrene Untersucher nach wie vor notwendig. Häufig identifizierte und klinisch relevante Urinsedimentbestandteile sind Erythrozyten, Leukozyten, verschiedene Epithelzellarten, Kristalle und Zylinder sowie Bakterien. Weiterhin können Parasiteneier, Pilzhyphen, Fetttröpfchen, Spermien, Fasern, Haare, Schleim, Pflanzenbestandteile und Kontaminationen aus der Umwelt im Urinsediment vorkommen und die Interpretation der Ergebnisse erschweren.

Abstract

Examination of the urine sediment is part of a routine urinalysis and is undertaken in order to identify insoluble particles in the urine. This procedure is mainly used in the context of diagnostic evaluation of urinary tract diseases, but may also be useful for the diagnosis of systemic diseases and intoxications. Analysis of fresh urine is recommended as changes in cell morphology, cell lysis and in vitro crystal formation may occur in the course of its storage. Manual urine sediment analysis is still performed in many veterinary practices. Native wet-mount preparations are suitable for the identification and quantification of urine sediment particles. The examination of stained wet-mount preparations or air-dried smears may be necessary to further differentiate cells and to identify bacteria. For several years, automatic urine sediment analyzers have been available in veterinary medicine. These save considerable time and staff resources, however verification of the automatically generated results by an experienced observer remains necessary. Urine sediment particles that are frequently identified and clinically relevant include red blood cells, white blood cells, different types of epithelial cells, crystals, and casts as well as bacteria. Furthermore, parasite eggs, fungal hyphae, lipid droplets, spermatozoa, fibres, hair, mucus, plant parts or environmental contaminations may be found in the urine sediment and result in a complication of the result interpretation.

Schlüsselwörter

Felin - Kanin - Harnwegssinfektion - Struvit - Bakterien

Key words

Feline - canine - urinary tract infection - struvite - bacteria

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 03. Dezember 2022

Angenommen: 20. März 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
13. November 2023

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