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Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023; 73(07): 408-411
DOI: 10.1055/a-2047-3896
Review

AGE RAGE Pathways: Cardiovascular Disease and Oxidative Stress

Neeraj Sharma
1   Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, India
,
Pavan Kumar
2   Ph.D scholar of Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, India
,
Karuna Shanker Shukla
3   Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Luckow, India
,
Shubhrat Maheshwari
4   Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rama University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract

It is well established that Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) are primarily responsible for the development of cardiovascular disease. As a result, diabetic therapy is very interested in therapeutic strategies that can target the AGE-RAGE axis. The majority of the AGE-RAGE inhibitors showed encouraging outcomes in animal experiments, but more information is needed to completely understand their clinical effects. The main mechanism implicated in the aetiology of cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes is oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by AGE-RAGE interaction. Numerous PPAR-agonists have demonstrated favourable outcomes in the treatment of cardio-metabolic illness situations by inhibiting the AGE-RAGE axis. The body’s ubiquitous phenomena of inflammation occur in reaction to environmental stressors such tissue damage, infection by pathogens, or exposure to toxic substances. Rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumour (swelling), colour (pain), and in severe cases, loss of function, are its cardinal symptoms. When exposed, the lungs develop silicotic granulomas with the synthesis of collagen and reticulin fibres. A natural flavonoid called chyrsin has been found to have PPAR-agonist activity as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The RPE insod2+/animals underwent mononuclear phagocyte-induced apoptosis, which was accompanied with decreased superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and increased superoxide generation. Injections of the serine proteinase inhibitor SERPINA3K decreased proinflammatory factor expression in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy, decreased ROS production, and increased levels of SOD and GSH.

Key words

AGEs - RAGE - cardiovascular disease - antioxidant - anti-inflammatory


Publication History

Received: 07 February 2023

Accepted: 28 February 2023

Article published online:
12 June 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag
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