Download PDF
Facial Plast Surg 2023; 39(04): 372-376
DOI: 10.1055/a-2006-0807
Original Article

Validation of the European Portuguese Language Version of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey

André Sousa Machado 
1   Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
2   Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde – Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
,
Mariline Santos
1   Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
,
Ana Silva
1   Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
,
Mikhail Saltychev
3   Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
,
Luis Meireles
1   Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
,
Sam Most
4   Division of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
,
Miguel Gonçalves Ferreira
1   Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
5   Department of Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, Hospital da Luz Arrábida, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) questionnaire is a tool developed to evaluate functional and aesthetic components of rhinoplasty. It is a reliable patient-reported outcome measure, not available in the European Portuguese language. Our goal was to translate and culturally adapt the SCHNOS questionnaire to the European Portuguese language. The questionnaire was forward and backward translated and culturally adapted to the European Portuguese language following international guidelines. The authors evaluated internal consistency, correlation, and reproducibility to determine the validity of the questionnaire. The final European Portuguese version of the SCHNOS was administered to 58 native European Portuguese speakers. Both the SCHNOS-O (obstructive) and SCHNOS-C (cosmetic) showed high internal consistency with Cronbach's α of 0.93 and 0.95, respectively. Also, for the entire SCHNOS, Cronbach's α was 0.96. All the items demonstrated good item-test and item-rest correlations with the differences between pre- and postestimates being nonsignificant. The translation, adaption, and validation of the SCHNOS into European Portuguese were successfully performed. This provides another tool to help evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcomes of rhinoplasty patients.

Keywords

Portuguese - patient-reported outcome measures - questionnaire - rhinoplasty validity


Publication History

Accepted Manuscript online:
03 January 2023

Article published online:
07 February 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

  • References

  • 1 Ishii LE, Tollefson TT, Basura GJ. et al. Clinical practice guideline: improving nasal form and function after rhinoplasty. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 156 (2_suppl): S1-S30
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Barone M, Cogliandro A, La Monaca G, Tambone V, Persichetti P. Cognitive investigation study of patients admitted for cosmetic surgery: information, expectations, and consent for treatment. Arch Plast Surg 2015; 42 (01) 46-51
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Xiao H, Zhao Y, Liu L, Xiao M, Qiu W, Liu Y. Functional/aesthetic measures of patient satisfaction after rhinoplasty: a review. Aesthet Surg J 2019; 39 (10) 1057-1062
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Kosowski TR, McCarthy C, Reavey PL. et al. A systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures after facial cosmetic surgery and/or nonsurgical facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 123 (06) 1819-1827
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Manahan MA, Fedok F, Davidson C. et al. Evidence-based performance measures for rhinoplasty: a multidisciplinary performance measure set. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 147 (02) 222e-230e
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Moubayed SP, Ioannidis JPA, Saltychev M, Most SP. The 10-item standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) for functional and cosmetic rhinoplasty. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2018; 20 (01) 37-42
    Google Scholar
  • 7 Guillemin F, Bombardier C, Beaton D. Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: literature review and proposed guidelines. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46 (12) 1417-1432
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Alves S, Lopes I, Lopes Ferreira P, Fonseca L, Malheiro D, Silva A. “NOSE” Validação em Português e aplicação na septoplastia. Rev Port Otorrinolaringol Cir Cabeça Pescoço 2010; 48 (01) 9-14
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Rosa F, Lohuis PJFM, Almeida J. et al. The Portuguese version of “The Utrecht questionnaire for outcome assessment in aesthetic rhinoplasty”: validation and clinical application. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed) 2019; 85 (02) 170-175
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Rahavi-Ezabadi S, Most SP, Saltychev M, Sazgar AA, Moubayed SP, Saedi B. Validation of the Persian language version of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS). JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2018; 20 (06) 521-523
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Spataro EA, Kandathil CK, Saltychev M, Olds CE, Most SP. Correlation of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey with psychiatric screening tools. Aesthet Surg J 2020; 40 (12) 1373-1380
    Google Scholar
  • 12 Okland TS, Patel P, Liu GS, Most SP. Using nasal self-esteem to predict revision in cosmetic rhinoplasty. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41 (06) 652-656
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Gode S, Ozturk A, Sahin M, Berber V, Apaydin F. Turkish validation of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey. Facial Plast Surg 2019; 35 (04) 397-399
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Atallah MR, Milad D, Benamer YH, Saltychev M, Most SP, Moubayed SP. Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the SCHNOS in French. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 48 (01) 17
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Perez-Garcia IC, Peñaranda A, Cobo R, Hernandez AV, Moubayed SP, Most SP. Spanish translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey questionnaire. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019; 7 (03) e2153
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Tunes RS, Patrocinio LG, Saltychev M, Moubayed SP, Most SP. Validation of the Portuguese language version of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2020; 22 (02) 114-116
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Kucur C, Kuduban O, Ozturk A. et al. Psychological evaluation of patients seeking rhinoplasty. Eurasian J Med 2016; 48 (02) 102-106
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar