Enterale Ernährung bei Frühgeborenen – ein Update

Die enterale Ernährung von Früh- und Neugeborenen bietet ernährungsphysiologische Vorteile, fördert die Darmentwicklung und wirkt sich positiv auf Morbidität und Mortalität aus. Dieser Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über die enterale Ernährung bei Frühgeborenen unter Berücksichtigung der neusten Empfehlungen der European Society for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN).

Kernaussagen

• Jede NICU sollte über ein standardisiertes Ernährungsprotokoll verfügen.

• Muttermilch ist die bevorzugte Nahrung Früh- und Reifgeborener.

• Der enterale Nahrungsaufbau sollte sobald wie möglich postnatal begonnen werden.

• Die enterale Nahrungsmenge sollte täglich um 18–30ml/kg/Tag nach klinischer Verträglichkeit gesteigert werden.

• Bei klinisch stabilen Frühgeborenen sollten Magenreste nicht routinemäßig bestimmt werden.

• Eine Fortifizierung mit Mehr-Komponenten-Fortifiern sollte ab einer Nahrungsmenge von 40–100ml/kg/Tag begonnen werden.

Schlüsselwörter

enteral - Nährstoffbedarf - Muttermilch - Nahrungsaufbau - Fortifizierung

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
30. August 2023

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