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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239(11): 1315-1324
DOI: 10.1055/a-1918-1824
DOI: 10.1055/a-1918-1824
Übersicht
Diagnosis of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) and MOG Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD)
Article in several languages: deutsch | English
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 antibody-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD; also termed MOG encephalomyelitis) are autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. The typical initial manifestations in adult patients are optic neuritis and myelitis. Patients often present with additional involvement of the brain and brainstem, more so in the later stages of the disease. While NMOSD commonly follows a relapsing course, MOGAD can sometimes be monophasic. Differential diagnosis is challenging and relies particularly on radiological and serological findings. It is very important to distinguish these rare diseases from the more common neuroinflammatory disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), since treatment and long-term prognoses for NMOSD, MOGAD and MS differ greatly. The diversity of the symptoms and the extent of the diagnostic work-up necessitate close collaboration between ophthalmology, neurology, and radiology. This article provides an overview of the typical MRI findings and serological antibody diagnostics for NMOSD and MOGAD, supplemented with two exemplary case reports from clinical practice.
Key words
optic neuritis - myelitis - neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) - myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) - MOG antibody-associated disorder (MOGAD) - aquaporin-4 (AQP4) - magnetic resonance imaging - serology - autoantibodies - diagnosticsPublication History
Received: 24 July 2022
Accepted: 26 July 2022
Article published online:
21 November 2022
© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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