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DOI: 10.1055/a-1880-9237
Über die Entdeckung des 6. Sinnes vor 152 Jahren[ * ]
About the discovery of the 6th sense 152 years agoZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Jahrhundertelang kannten die Menschen 5 Sinne. Sie waren lokalisierbar und z. T. abschaltbar. Den 6. Sinn, den statischen oder Gleichgewichtssinn fand man erst im 19. Jahrhundert mit dem Einsatz neurophysiologischer Methoden. Damit konnten die Bogengänge im Innenohr, die schon seit Galen und vor allem durch die Schule von Vesalius in Padua bekannt waren, richtig zugeordnet werden. Nach der Entdeckung des 6. Sinnes wurden Stimulations- und Registriermethoden entwickelt.
ABSTRACT
We have 6 senses, seeing, hearing, feeling, smelling, tasting and the vestibular or static sense. 5 of them can be located and most of them can be blocked. Therefore, these senses are known to mankind since centuries. The vestibular sense cannot be blocked, not be located and we feel its action only in cases of intensive stimulation and in cases of a mismatch especially on ships in heavy water. The tiny canals in the inner ear were described very early by Galen in Rome (about 130–200 AC), who first called the inner ear “labyrinth”. They were measured exactly by Fallopio and Casserio in the anatomical school of Vesalius in Padua. The function of the semicircular canals was thought to be responsible for the detection of the direction of sound. It took very long until the static function was found 1824 by Flourens in Paris who cut the vestibular nerve in pigeons and saw them tilting to the operated side. But it took around 50 years until Friedrich Goltz 1870 stated that the structures in the inner ear (except the cochlea) together with their nerves are the 6th sense.
Schlüsselwörter
6. Sinn - Gleichgewichtssinn - Gleichgewichtsorgan - Geschichte Innenohr - Flourens - Goltz - Breuer - BaranyKey words
6th sense - vestibular system - vestibular organ - history - Flourens - Goltz - Breuer - Barany* Die Arbeit basiert u. a. auf der Dissertation von Dr. Frank Engel-Murke, Fachgebiet Humanmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin 1998. Literaturangaben dort bzw. beim Erstautor.
Publication History
Article published online:
11 November 2022
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Literatur
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- 4 Scherer H, Clarke AH. The Caloric Vestibular Reaction in Space; Physiological Considerations. Acta Otolaryngol 1985; 100: 328-336