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Planta Med 2021; 87(10/11): 827-835
DOI: 10.1055/a-1538-5289
Biological and Pharmacological Activity
Original Papers

Cytotoxicity and Antiviral Activities of Haplophyllum tuberculatum Essential Oils, Pure Compounds, and Their Combinations against Coxsackievirus B3 and B4[ # ]

Assia Hamdi
1   Laboratory of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
2   Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium
,
Aymen Halouani
3   Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
,
Ines Aouf
3   Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
,
Johan Viaene
2   Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium
,
Belsem Marzouk
1   Laboratory of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
,
Jamil Kraiem
1   Laboratory of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
,
Hela Jaïdane
3   Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
,
Yvan Vander Heyden
2   Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium
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Abstract

Haplophyllum tuberculatum is a plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat several diseases including vomiting, nausea, infections, rheumatism, and gastric pains. In the current study, H. tuberculatum essential oils, hydrosols, the pure compounds R-(+)-limonene, S-(−)-limonene, and 1-octanol, as well as their combinations R-(+)-limonene/1-octanol and S-(−)-limonene/1-octanol, were screened for their cytotoxicity on HEp-2 cells after 24, 48, and 72 h, and then tested for their activity against Coxsackievirus B3 and B4 (CV-B3 and CV-B4) at 3 different moments: addition of the plant compounds before, after, or together with virus inoculation. Results showed that the samples were more cytotoxic after 72 h than after 24 h or 48 h cell contact. However, the combinations R-(+)-limonene/1-octanol and S-(−)-limonene/1-octanol showed less effect on HEp-2 cells than pure R-(+)-limonene and S-(−)-limonene after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. 1-octanol exhibited the highest concentration causing 50% cytotoxicity (CC50) on HEp-2 cells after 24 h (CC50 = 93 µg/mL) and 48 h (CC50 = 83 µg/mL). The antiviral assays showed that the tested samples exhibited potent inhibition of CV-B. IC50 values ranged from 0.66 µg/mL to 28.4 µg/mL. In addition, CV-B3 was more sensitive than CV-B4. Both CV-B strains are more inhibited when cells were pretreated with the plant compounds. The hydrosols have no effect, neither on HEp-2 cells nor on the virus. 1-octanol, S-(−), and R-(+)-limonene/1-octanol had important selectivity indexes over time. Although essential oils had potent antiviral activity, they can be considered for application in the pretreatment of cells. However, 1-octanol and the combinations are within the safety limits, and thus, they can be used as an active natural antiviral agent for CV-B3 and CV-B4 inhibition.

Key words

Haplophyllum tuberculatum - Rutaceae - essential oils - pure compounds - Coxsackievirus B - cytotoxicity - selectivity index

# Dedicated to Professor Arnold Vlietinck on the occasion of his 80th birthday.




Publication History

Received: 14 January 2021

Accepted after revision: 24 June 2021

Article published online:
22 July 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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