Auditive Phänomene als Differenzialdiagnostik zum Tinnitus

Widmung

Dieser Artikel ist Herrn Professor Tilman Brusis zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung Im auditorischen System ist subjektiver Tinnitus als Phantomwahrnehmung bekannt. Menschen berichten auch über illusionäre Fehlwahrnehmungen von realen Höreindrücken und über komplexe szenenhafte akustische Phantasmen ohne externen Hörreiz. Die genauen pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge der auditiven Phänomene sind noch ungeklärt. Wichtige Komorbiditäten sind Schwerhörigkeit, Hirnerkrankungen und psychische Störungen.

Methode In einer Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank PubMed wurden Publikationen bis März 2021 zu den Suchbegriffen Tinnitus, Palinakusis, Pareidolie, Synästhesie, Aura und akustische Halluzination im Hinblick auf Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zum subjektiven Tinnitus ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Subjektiver Tinnitus kann gemeinsam mit anderen auditiven Phänomenen in einem Individuum auftreten. Diagnostisch wichtig ist der Zusammenhang zwischen Hörverlust und Tinnitus sowie zwischen Tinnitus und Hörminderung im entsprechenden Frequenzbereich. Bei Schwerhörigkeit können weitere auditive Phänomene auftreten.

Schlussfolgerung Das Auftreten verschiedener auditiver Phänomene gleichzeitig bei einer Person lässt ein auditorisches Wahrnehmungskontinuum mit gemeinsamen physiologischen Verarbeitungsstrukturen annehmen. Personen mit Schwerhörigkeit sollten nach den verschiedenen auditiven Phänomenen gefragt werden. Bei allen auditiven Phänomenen sollte die audiometrische Untersuchung zum diagnostischen Standard gehören.

Abstract

Introduction In the auditory system, subjective tinnitus is known as phantom perception. Humans also report illusionary misperceptions of real listening impressions and complex scene-like acoustic fantasies without external hearing stimulus. The exact pathophysiological relationships of the auditory phenomena are still unclear. Important comorbidities include hearing loss, brain disease and mental disorders.

Methods In a literature search in the PubMed database, publications were evaluated until March 2021 on the search terms tinnitus, palinacousis, pareidolia, synesthesia, aura, acoustic hallucination with regard to similarities and differences to subjective tinnitus.

Results Subjective tinnitus can occur together with other auditory phenomena in an individual. Diagnostically important is the relationship between hearing loss and tinnitus as well as between tinnitus and hearing loss in the corresponding frequency range. With hearing loss, other auditory phenomena may occur.

Conclusion The occurrence of various auditory phenomena simultaneously in a person suggests an auditory perceptual continuum with common physiological processing structures. People with hearing loss should be asked about the various auditory phenomena. For all auditory phenomena, audiometric examination should be part of the diagnostic standard.

Schlüsselwörter

Tinnitus - Schwerhörigkeit - Illusion - Palinakusis - Pareidolie - Synästhesie - Savant-Syndrom - akustische Halluzination - Musik-Halluzination - akustisches Charles-Bonnet-Syndrom

Key words

tinnitus - deafness - palinacousis - pareidolia - synesthesia - acoustic hallucination

Publication History

Received: 26 March 2021

Accepted: 20 May 2021

Article published online:
30 August 2021

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