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DOI: 10.1055/a-1472-5860
Symptomatische Behandlungsoptionen chronischer, neurologischer Gangstörungen
Options for the symptomatic treatment of chronic neurological gait disorders![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/fdn/202105/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055a-1472-5860-1.jpg)
Zusammenfassung
Störungen des Gehens, der Mobilität und Stürze sind häufige Gesundheitsprobleme von Patienten mit chronischen, neurologischen Erkrankungen. Daher ist es wichtig, neben der Behandlung der neurologischen Grunderkrankung auch symptomatische Therapieoptionen mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung des Gehens einzusetzen.
Mittels einer selektiven Literaturrecherche von Studien mit expliziter Untersuchung der Gehfähigkeit wurden symptomatische Therapiemöglichkeiten in den folgenden klinischen Entscheidungsfeldern identifiziert und diskutiert: (1) hypokinetische Gangstörung (z.B. bei M. Parkinson, Normaldruckhydrocephalus und vaskulärer Enzephalopathie), (2) Gangunsicherheit mit Ataxie (sensorisch und zerebellär) und (3) spastisch-paretische Gangstörung (bei Multipler Sklerose). Es werden medikamentöse und nicht-medikamentöse Therapieoptionen analysiert, speziell zu den Funktionsbereichen „Lokomotion“, „posturale Kontrolle“, „Modulation“ und „Adaptionsfähigkeit“. Die medikamentösen Behandlungskonzepte orientieren sich vorwiegend an den pathophysiologischen Veränderungen der Grunderkrankungen. Physikalisch-medizinische Basistherapien sowie Gang- und Bewegungstherapien erweitern das therapeutische Spektrum. Zudem können geh-relevante Einzelsymptome effizient mittels physikalisch-medizinischer oder pharmakologischer Therapien verbessert werden.
Die Behandlungsoptionen neurologischer Gangstörungen sind gut und systematisch untersucht und ermöglichen eine individuelle Anpassung an die zugrundeliegende neurologische Erkrankung, an die Funktionsdefizite der individuellen Gangstörung sowie an relevante Einzelsymptome, welche das Gehen nochmals verschlechtern.
Abstract
Gait and mobility impairments are common and relevant in patients with chronic neurological disorders. It reduces the health-related quality of life and induces falls with morbidity. Symptomatic treatment options are therefore necessary in order to improve the health status of patients with neurological disorders.
By means of a selective literature research focusing on studies with specific gait-related outcome measures. We discuss the differential treatment options for (1) hypokinetic gait disorders (Parkinson´s disease, Normal pressure hydrocephalus, vascular encephalopathy), (2) gait unsteadiness with ataxia (sensory and cerebellar ataxia), and (3) gait with spasticity and paresis (due to multiple sclerosis). Therapeutical options for the symptomatic treatment of gait disorders comprise non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Both address the functional domains of “locomotion”, “postural control”, “modulation” and “adaptability” of gait.
Pharmacological options are orientated to pathophysiology of the underlying diseases. Supportive physiotherapeutic interventions offer broader and unspecific options for treatment. Clinical conditions that specifically disturb the execution of locomotion or gait can also be addressed by the provision of physical therapy or supportive devices.
Effective options for the symptomatic treatment of patients with neurological gait disorders are available. Applications of options addressing the pathophysiology of the underlying disease, a functional domain-based exercise and physiotherapy program, and the provision of walking aides for specific symptoms that further worsen gait performance can be recommended.
Publication History
Received: 02 December 2020
Accepted: 23 March 2021
Article published online:
23 April 2021
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