PDF herunterladen
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2021; 89(10): 483-495
DOI: 10.1055/a-1432-1634
Übersicht

Therapeutische Wirkfaktoren in der Behandlung von Straftätern: ein systematisches Literaturreview

Therapeutic Factors in Offender Treatment: A Systematic Review
Maria Fontao
1   Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Psychologie
,
Leila Schorer
1   Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Psychologie
,
Thomas Ross
2   Zentrum für Psychiatrie Reichenau, Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Ulm Medizinische Fakultät
› Institutsangaben
› Weitere Informationen
Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Anhand eines systematischen Literaturreviews nach den PRISMA-Kriterien wurden therapeutische Wirkfaktoren für die Behandlung von Straftätern untersucht. Recherchiert wurde in den Datenbanken PsycINFO und PSYNDEX, weitere relevante Studien wurden den Literaturverzeichnissen von Studien, die die Selektionskriterien erfüllten, entnommen. Es wurden nur quantitative empirische Studien für den Zeitraum 1990–2018 eingeschlossen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Befunde aus 19 Papers zu allgemeinen Wirkfaktoren (therapeutische Allianz, soziales Klima, Feedback) und Therapeutenfaktoren (zwischenmenschliche Fähigkeiten/Eigenschaften, Persönlichkeit, Therapieerwartung) referiert. Die Evidenz für das Vorliegen allgemeiner Wirk- und Therapeutenfaktoren ist nicht einheitlich, aber es zeigen sich Tendenzen. Diese Schwierigkeit der Evidenzbestimmung liegt insbesondere an methodischen Mängeln der Primärstudien, an heterogenen Outcomevariablen und an der geringen Zahl von Studien, die diese Faktoren untersuchten. Ein bedeutender Zusammenhang zwischen allgemeinen Wirk- und Therapeutenfaktoren und einem (positiven) Therapieergebnis in der Therapie von Straftätern ist wahrscheinlich, aber noch liegen zu wenige kontrollierte Studien vor, um ihn zweifelsfrei zu untermauern.

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic literature review of international research on therapeutic factors in offender treatment. The review was based on the PRISMA criteria; PsycINFO and PSYNDEX as well as references given in included studies were browsed. Only quantitative empirical studies published between 1990 and 2018 were included. In this paper, evidence for common factors (therapeutic alliance, social climate, feedback) and therapist factors (interpersonal skills/characteristics, personality, therapy expectations) from 19 journal articles are reported. Some tendencies emerged, but there was no conclusive evidence on the effect of common factors and therapist factors on the therapy outcome. This non-conclusive evidence is mostly due to the methodological shortcomings of primary studies, heterogeneity of outcome variables and the low number of studies that looked at each of these variables. In sum, there is not enough evidence to date to show a strong relationship between common factors and therapist factors and a (positive) outcome in the treatment of offenders.

Schlüsselwörter

Allgemeine Wirkfaktoren - Therapeutenfaktoren - Therapieergebnis - Straftäterbehandlung

Key words

common factors - therapist factors - therapy outcome - offender treatment


Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 26. Juni 2020

Angenommen: 09. März 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
26. April 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG,
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Harrison JL, O'Toole SK, Ammen S. et al. Sexual offender treatment effectiveness within cognitive-behavioral programs: A meta-analytic investigation of general, sexual, and violent recidivism. Psychiatr Psychol Law (2020); 27: 1-25. DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2018.1485526.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Mpofu E, Athanasou JA, Rafe C. et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy efficacy for reducing recidivism rates of moderate- and high-risk sexual offenders: A scoping systematic literature review. Int. J. Offender Ther. Comp. Criminol. 2018; 62: 170-186. DOI: 10.1177/0306624X16644501.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Yoon IA, Slade K, Fazel S. Outcomes of psychological therapies for prisoners with mental health problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 2017; 85: 783-802. DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000214.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Andrews DA, Bonta J. The psychology of criminal conduct. 6. Aufl. London, New York: Routledge; 2017
    Google Scholar
  • 5 Ward T, Gannon TA. Rehabilitation, etiology, and self-regulation: The comprehensive good lives model of treatment for sexual offenders. Aggress Violent Beh 2006; 11 (01) :77-94.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Orlinsky DE, Rønnestad MH, Willutzki U. Fifty years of psychotherapy process-outcome research: continuity and change. In: Lambert MJ. Hrsg. Bergin and Garfield’s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change. 5. Aufl. New York: Wiley: 2004: 307-392.
  • 7 Lambert MJ. The efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy. In: Lambert M. J. Hrsg. Bergin & Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change. 6. Aufl. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2013: 169-218.
    Google Scholar
  • 8 Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J. et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med 2009; 151 (04) :264-269.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Norcross JC, Lambert MJ. Psychotherapy relationships that work III. Psychotherapy 2018; 55 (04) :303-315; DOI: 10.1037/pst0000193.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Pfammatter M, Junghan U, Tschacher W. Allgemeine Wirkfaktoren der Psychotherapie: Konzepte, Widersprüche und eine Synthese. Psychotherapie 2012; 17: 17-31.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Wampold BE, Baldwin SA, Holtforth G. et al. What characterizes effective therapists?. In: Castonguay Louis G. Hill CE. Hrsg. How and why are some therapists better than others?: Understanding therapist effects. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2017: 37-53.
    Crossref
  • 12 Boira S, del Castillo MF, Carbajosa P. et al. Context of treatment and therapeutic alliance: Critical factors in court-mandated batterer intervention programs. Span J Psychol 2013; 16: E40.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Holmqvist R, Hill T, Lang A. Treatment alliance in residential treatment of criminal adolescents. Child Youth Care For 2007; 36 (04) :163-178. DOI: 10.1007/s10566-007-9037-z.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Bressington D, Stewart B, Beer D. et al. Levels of service user satisfaction in secure settings—a survey of the association between perceived social climate, perceived therapeutic relationship and satisfaction with forensic services. Int J Nurs Stud 2011; 48 (11) :1349-1356. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.05.011.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Priebe S, Gruyters T. The role of the helping alliance in psychiatric community care: a prospective study. J Nerv Ment Dis 1993; 181 (09) :552-557.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Schalast N, Redies M, Collins M. et al. EssenCES, a short questionnaire for assessing the social climate of forensic psychiatric wards. Crim Behav Ment Health 2008; 18 (01) :49-58.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 DeSorcy DR, Olver ME, Wormith JS. Working alliance and its relationship with treatment outcome in a sample of aboriginal and non-aboriginal sexual offenders. Sex Abuse-J Res Tr 2016; 28 (04) :291-313. DOI: 10.1177/1079063214556360.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Florsheim P, Shotorbani S, Guest-Warnick G. et al. Role of the working alliance in the treatment of delinquent boys in community-based programs. J Clin Child Psychol 2000; 29 (01) :94-107.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Quinsey VL, Jones GB, Book A. et al. The dynamic prediction of antisocial behavior among forensic psychiatric patients: A prospective field study. J Interpers Violence 2006; 21 (12) :1539-1565. DOI: 10.1177/0886260506294238.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Watson R, Daffern M, Thomas S. The impact of sex offender’s interpersonal style, treatment readiness and the therapeutic alliance on treatment gain. J Forensic Psychiatry Psychol 2018; 29 (04) :635-655. DOI: 10.1080/14789949.2018.1432673.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Beyko MJ, Wong SCP. Predictors of treatment attrition as indicators for program improvement not offender shortcomings: A study of sex offender treatment attrition. Sex Abuse-J Res Tr 2005; 17 (04) :375-389. DOI: 10.1177/107906320501700403.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Beech AR, Fordham AS. Therapeutic climate of sexual offender treatment programs. Sex Abuse-J Res Tr 1997; 9 (03) :219-237.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Beech AR, Hamilton-Giachritsis CE. Relationship between therapeutic climate and treatment outcome in group-based sexual offender treatment programs. Sex Abuse-J Res Tr 2005; 17 (02) :127-140. DOI: 10.1177/107906320501700204.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Nicholaichuk TP. A model for a rurally based day hospital treatment program for sex offenders. Int J Partial Hosp 1991; 7 (02) :91-100.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Woessner G, Schwedler A. Correctional treatment of sexual and violent offenders: Therapeutic change, prison climate, and recidivism. Crim Justice Behav 2014; 41 (07) :862-879. DOI: 10.1177/0093854813520544.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Levenson JS, Prescott DS. Treatment experiences of civilly committed sex offenders: A consumer satisfaction survey. Sex Abuse-J Res Tr 2009; 21 (01) :6-20. DOI: 10.1177/1079063208325205.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Levenson JS, Prescott DS, D’Amora DA. Sex offender treatment: Consumer satisfaction and engagement in therapy. Int J Offender Ther 2010; 54 (03) :307-326. DOI: 10.1177/0306624X08328752.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Moos RH. Group environment scale manual. 2. Aufl. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1986
    Google Scholar
  • 29 Marshall WL, Serran G, Moulden H. et al. Therapist features in sexual offender treatment: Their reliable identification and influence on behaviour change. Clin Psychol Psychot 2002; 9 (06) :395-405.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Marshall WL, Serran GA, Fernandez YM. et al. Therapist characteristics in the treatment of sexual offenders: Tentative data on their relationship with indices of behaviour change. J Sex Aggress 2003; 9 (01) :25-30. DOI: 10.1080/355260031000137940.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Kozar CJ, Day A. The therapeutic alliance in offending behavior programs: A necessary and sufficient condition for change? Aggress Violent Beh 2012; 17 (05) :482-487. DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2012.07.004.
    CrossrefPubMed
  • 32 Jennings JL, Deming A. Review of the empirical and clinical support for group therapy specific to sexual abusers. Sex Abuse-J Res Tr 2017; 29 (08) :731-764. DOI: 10.1177/1079063215618376.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Sandhu DK, Rose J. How do therapists contribute to therapeutic change in sex offender treatment: An integration of the literature. J Sex Aggress 2012; 18 (03) :269-283. DOI: 10.1080/13552600.2011.566633.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Horvath AO, Symonds BD. Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. J Couns Psychol 1991; 38 (02) :139-149.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Martin DJ, Garske JP, & Davis MK. Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: a meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psych 2000; 68 (03) :438-450.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Flückiger C, Del Re AC, Wampold BE, Horvath AO. The alliance in adult psychotherapy: A meta-analytic synthesis. Psychotherapy 2018; 55 (04) :316-340; DOI: 10.1037/pst0000172.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Bonsaksen T, Borge FM, Hoffart A. Group climate as predictor of short- and long-term outcome in group therapy for social phobia. Int J Group Psychoth 2013; 63 (03) :394-417.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Eklund M, Hansson L. Relationships between characteristics of the ward atmosphere and treatment outcome in a psychiatric day-care unit based on occupational therapy. Acta Psychiat Scand 1997; 95 (04) :329-335.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Lambert MJ, Whipple JL, Kleinstäuber M. Collecting and delivering progress feedback: A meta-analysis of routine outcome monitoring. Psychotherapy 2018; 55 (04) :520-537; DOI: 10.1037/pst0000167.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Anderson T, Ogles BM, Patterson CL. et al. Therapist effects: Facilitative interpersonal skills as a predictor of therapist success. J Clin Psychol 2009; 65 (07) :755-768.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Bordin ES. The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice 1997; 16 (03) :252.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Ward T, Mann RE, Gannon TA. The good lives model of offender rehabilitation: Clinical implications. Aggress Violent Beh 2007; 12 (01) :87-107.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Ross T, Fontao MI. Forensische Psychotherapieforschung-Status Quo, Aufgaben und Perspektiven. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2006; 74 (05) :275-280.
    Artikel in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Dahle K-P. Therapiemotivation hinter Gittern. Zielgruppenorientierte Entwicklung und Erprobung eines Motivationskonstrukts für die therapeutische Arbeit im Strafvollzug. Regensburg: Roderer; 1995
    Google Scholar
  • 45 Dahle K-P. Therapiemotivation inhaftierter Straftäter. In: Steller M. Dahle K-P. Basqué M. Hrsg. Straftäterbehandlung. Argumente für eine Revitalisierung in Forschung und Praxis. Herbolzheim: Centaurus; 2003: 277-307.
  • 46 Schalast N, Sieb J. Zusammenhänge des Stationsklimas mit objektiven Rahmenbedingungen psychiatrischer Stationen. Psych Prax 2018; 45: 242-247; DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-100010.
    Artikel in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar