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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Planta Medica International Open 2021; 8(01): e25-e33
DOI: 10.1055/a-1397-8510
Original Papers

Triterpene Profiling of Neem Exudate (Toddy) Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS and its Anti-inflammatory Activity

Ranendra Pratap Biswal
1   Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
,
Durga Prasad Patnana
1   Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
,
Sujith Kumar Pulukool
2   Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
,
Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
2   Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
,
Ashish Pargaonkar
3   Agilent Technologies India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, India
,
Rajesh Babu Dandamudi
1   Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract

Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is one of the richest sources of secondary metabolites. More than 250 natural products have been characterized from various parts of the neem tree. These include diterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, coumarins, hydrocarbons, and fatty acids. Many of these products possess therapeutic properties. Neem exudate or toddy is a milky white liquid with a strong smell secreted from the angle between the 2 main branches of old trees. Profiling of neem toddy for the presence of active metabolites was done by an in-house database using UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Fifty-seven metabolites were identified from the full scan of electrospray ionization positive and negative mode from the neem toddy extract by using UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Further confirmation of 31 of these metabolites was done by obtaining MS/MS spectrum from UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Principal component analysis study of metabolites from neem toddy with leaves, seed, seed coat, and bark revealed that they are closely related to those contained in neem seeds and seed coats. Azadirachtin, nimbidiol, 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin, nimbonone, nimbonolone, nimosone, and 6-deacetylnimbinene were found to be some of the most abundant metabolites in neem toddy. The neem toddy extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity when tested in N9 murine microglial cells with 25 ng of recombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor alpha protein (active) using qRT-PCR. The active metabolites in neem toddy could be further explored for their therapeutic potentials.

Key words

neem toddy - UHPLC-QTOF-MS - metabolites - principal component analysis - anti-inflammation - Neem (Azadirachta indica); family Meliaceae

Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 25 June 2020
Received: 03 February 2021

Accepted: 22 February 2021

Article published online:
19 April 2021

© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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