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DOI: 10.1055/a-1319-1734
Diagnose und zielgerichtete Therapie der Fournier-Gangrän mit septischem Verlauf: Vorstellung eines Behandlungsalgorithmus, Identifikation von Risikofaktoren, Betrachtung des Mikrobioms und Abgleich mit der Literatur
Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Fournierʼs Gangrene: Introduction of a Surgical Approach, Evaluation of Risk Factors, Microbiological Characteristics and Review of the Literature
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Fournier-Gangrän ist eine nekrotisierende Fasziitis Typ I der genitalen und perinealen Regionen, die insbesondere bei schweren Verläufen und systemischer Sepsis mit einer hohen Letalität vergesellschaftet ist. Der Schwerpunkt wurde auf die Evaluation der Risikofaktoren und Komorbiditäten, auf das bakteriologische Spektrum, laborchemische Analysen, Mortalität und den Verlauf nach dem algorithmischen Vorgehen gelegt.
Material und Methoden Es wurden 10 Patienten am Bundeswehrzentralkrankenhaus Koblenz im Zeitraum von 2010 bis 2019 mit einer Fournier-Gangrän und Sepsis sowie einer mindestens 48-stündigen Intensivtherapie erfasst und deskriptiv analysiert.
Ergebnisse Die Patientenkohorte bestand aus 6 männlichen und 4 weiblichen Patienten mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 62 Jahren (Range 42 – 78 Jahre). Der durchschnittliche Zeitpunkt zwischen Auftreten der Beschwerden und der Krankenhausaufnahme betrug 4 Tage (Range 3 – 5). Die häufigste Genese war ein Bagatelltrauma bei bestehender entgleister Diabeteserkrankung (30%). Diabetes mellitus (60%) und Adipositas (80% mit BMI > 25) waren führende Risikofaktoren. Bei 90% der Patienten bestand eine polymikrobielle Besiedlung. Alle Patienten wiesen eine Multiorgandysfunktion auf und hatten einen SOFA-Score zwischen 3 und 17 Punkten. Die Mortalitätsrate betrug in unserem Patientenkollektiv 40%. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen überlebenden und verstorbenen Patienten zeigten PCT, INR und aPTT (p < 0,05).
Schlussfolgerung Die Fournier-Gangrän ist insbesondere bei septischem Verlauf nach wie vor eine Erkrankung mit hoher Letalitätsrate. Bei foudroyantem Verlauf bedarf es einer unmittelbaren Diagnosestellung sowie eines aggressiven operativen Vorgehens, um die Letalität so gering wie möglich zu halten. Nach initialem radikalem Débridement sowie stabilisierenden intensivmedizinischen Maßnahmen folgen weitere operative Eingriffe. In der postakuten Phase hat sich die Anwendung der Vakuumtherapie zur Defektverkleinerung bewährt.
Abstract
Background Fournierʼs gangrene is a necrotising fasciitis type I occurring in the perineal and genital region. The disease expands progressively and still has poor outcome, especially in critical ill patients. This studyʼs focus was placed on the evaluation of risk factors and comorbidities, on the bacteriological spectrum, laboratory analyses, mortality and the course according to the algorithmic approach.
Method The medical records were reviewed of 10 patients with severe Fournierʼs gangrene from 2010 to 2019 who underwent intensive care therapy for at least 48 hours. Ten patients with Fournierʼs gangrene and sepsis and intensive therapy lasting at least 48 hours were recorded and analysed descriptively.
Results The patient cohort consisted of six men and four women with a median age of 62 years (range 42 – 78 years). The median time between the onset of symptoms and hospitalisation was four days (range 3 – 5 days). The commonest aetiological event was a minor trauma. Predisposing factors included diabetes mellitus (30%) and overweight (80% BMI > 25). 90% of patients exhibited polymicrobial infection. All patients had systemic sepsis with SOFA-Score between 3 and 17 points. The mortality rate was 40%. Significant differences between surviving and deceased patients were shown by PCT, INR and aPTT (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Severe Fournierʼs gangrene continues to be a major challenge with a high mortality rate. Only rapid diagnosis, urgent extensive surgical debridement and intensive care therapy can lead to a favourable outcome in these critically ill patients. Vacuum-assisted closure can be successfully used in the management of soft-tissue defects.
Schlüsselwörter
Fournier-Gangrän - nekrotisierende Fasziitis Typ I - Fournierʼs Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI) - Mortalität - operatives ManagementPublikationsverlauf
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
08. Februar 2021
© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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