COVID-19: Besondere Herausforderungen an Public Health in Theorie und Praxis

Zusammenfassung

Die COVID-19-Krise bietet sowohl einzigartige Chancen als auch besondere Herausforderungen für Public Health in Theorie und Praxis. Das Management der Pandemie war anfangs überwiegend von Virologen dominiert, unterstützt von Epidemiologen, die nicht immer die grundlegenden Anforderungen ihrer Wissenschaft erfüllten. Interdisziplinäre gesundheitswissenschaftliche Fachkenntnisse und komplexe Betrachtungen aus einer breiteren Public-Health-Perspektive hatten hingegen keine spürbaren Auswirkungen auf die COVID-19-Debatte und noch weniger auf die Strategien zur Eindämmung der Pandemie. Public Health ist universell und mehr als Gesundheitssicherheit bzw. Gesundheitsschutz. Als explizit politische Disziplin verfolgt Public Health einen weitreichenden gesellschaftspolitischen Ansatz und darf sich nicht auf biomedizinische Aspekte verkürzen lassen. Medizinische und biotechnologische Lösungen allein werden den Herausforderungen der Corona-Krise nicht gerecht. Unerlässlich für eine nachhaltige Bewältigung der Pandemie ist die Analyse der politischen, wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und ökologischen Determinanten, die zur Krise geführt haben. Um die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung zu verbessern und das Risiko zukünftiger Infektionsausbrüche zu verringern, ist eine umfassende Politik erforderlich, die auch Hegemonien und Machtverhältnisse thematisiert.

Abstract

The COVID 19 crisis offers unique opportunities and poses special challenges for practical and theoretical public health. Management of the pandemic was initially dominated by virologists, supported by epidemiologists who did not always exercise the necessary scientific rigour. Expertise in interdisciplinary health sciences and complex considerations from a broader public health perspective, however, did not have noticeable impact on the COVID 19 debate and even less on the strategies for containing the pandemic. Public health is universal and more than health security or health protection. As an explicitly political discipline, public health takes a far-reaching socio-political approach and must not be reduced to biomedical aspects. Medical and biotechnological solutions alone will not meet the challenges of the corona crisis. The analysis of the political, economic, social and ecological determinants that led to the crisis is indispensable for the sustainable management of the pandemic. In order to improve population health and reduce the risk of future outbreaks of dangerous infections, a comprehensive policy is needed that also addresses hegemonies and power relations.

Schlüsselwörter

Public health - COVID-19 - Biomedizinischer Reduktionismus - Soziale Determinanten - Gesundheitspolitik - Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit

Key words

Public health - COVID-19 - Biomedical reductionism - Social determinants - Health policy - Health inequality

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
13. November 2020

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