Einflussfaktoren auf das väterliche Erleben der Geburt im Kreißsaal: Eine qualitative Studie

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung Der Großteil der werdenden Väter ist heute bei der Geburt seiner Kinder im Kreißsaal zugegen. Dabei stellt die Anwesenheit der werdenden Väter ein bedeutendes Ereignis in deren Leben dar.

Ziel dieser Studie ist es, beeinflussende Faktoren auf das väterliche Geburtserleben im Kreißsaal zu identifizieren.

Material und Methoden Die Erfahrungen von 12 erstmaligen Vätern während Schwangerschaft und Geburt und ihr Erleben der Geburt im Kreißsaal wurden mittels problemzentrierter Interviews erfasst. Die transkribierten und anonymisierten Interviews wurden mittels Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring analysiert.

Ergebnisse Alle Väter beurteilten das Erleben der Geburt ihres Kindes retrospektiv positiv. Eine Vielzahl an potentiellen Einflussfaktoren auf das väterliche Geburtserleben konnten eruiert werden, sowohl biografische Einflussfaktoren, als auch Einflussfaktoren während der Schwangerschaft und der Geburt. Insbesondere zeigte sich das medizinische Fachpersonal von Bedeutung, im Speziellen die Hebamme.

Schlussfolgerung Das medizinische Fachpersonal sollte dem väterlichen Geburtserleben mehr Aufmerksamkeit schenken. Der Fokus für weitere Forschung könnte auf Konzepte zur Förderung eines positiven Geburtserlebens der Väter gelegt werden.

Abstract

Introduction Today the majority of fathers-to-be are present at the birth of their children in the labour ward. Their presence at the birth is a significant event in their lives. The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing the paternal birth experience in the labour ward.

Material and methods The experiences of 12 first-time fathers during pregnancy and birth and their perception of birth in the labour ward were gathered through problem-centred interviews. The transcribed and anonymised interviews were analysed by means of content analysis according to Mayring.

Results All fathers retrospectively assessed the experience of the birth of their child positively. A large number of potential factors influencing the paternal birth experience were identified, both biographical factors and factors during pregnancy and birth. In particular, the medical staff, especially the midwife, proved to be of importance.

Conclusion Medical professionals should pay more attention to the paternal birth experience. The focus for further research could lie on concepts to promote a positive birth experience for fathers.

Schlüsselwörter

Geburt - Geburtserleben - Kreißsaal - Vater - Zufriedenheit

Key words

birth - birth experience - labour ward - father - satisfaction

Publication History

Received: 18 June 2020

Accepted after revision: 29 July 2020

Article published online:
17 September 2020

• Literatur

• 1 World Health Organization. WHO recommendations: Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018
• 2 Kainz G, Eliasson M, Post Ivon. The child’s father, an important person for the mother’s well-being during the childbirth: a hermeneutic study. Health Care Women Int 2010; 31: 621-635 DOI: 10.1080/07399331003725499.
• 3 Gürber S, Baumeler L, Grob A. et al. Antenatal depressive symptoms and subjective birth experience in association with postpartum depressive symptoms and acute stress reaction in mothers and fathers: A longitudinal path analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 215: 68-74 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.05.021.
• 4 Gawlik S, Müller M, Hoffmann L. et al. Assessing birth experience in fathers as an important aspect of clinical obstetrics: how applicable is Salmon’s Item List for men?. Midwifery 2015; 31: 221-228 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2014.08.013.
• 5 Awad O, Bühling KJ. Väter im Kreißsaal: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2011; 71: 511-517 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279987.
• 6 Sydow K, von Happ N. “Da lag sie eben da, wie Jesus am Kreuz…” – Die Erfahrungen von Vatern bei der Geburt. Z Psychosom Med Psychother 2012; 58: 26-41 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2012.58.1.26.
• 7 Bäckström C, Hertfelt Wahn E. Support during labour: first-time fathers’ descriptions of requested and received support during the birth of their child. Midwifery 2011; 27: 67-73 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2009.07.001.
• 8 Premberg Å, Carlsson G, Hellström A-L. et al. First-time fathers’ experiences of childbirth – a phenomenological study. Midwifery 2011; 27: 848-853 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2010.09.002.
• 9 Lindberg I, Engström A. A qualitative study of new fathers’ experiences of care in relation to complicated childbirth. Sex Reprod Healthc 2013; 4: 147-152 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2013.10.002.
• 10 Johansson M, Hildingsson I, Fenwick J. Important factors working to mediate Swedish fathers’ experiences of a caesarean section. Midwifery 2013; 29: 1041-1049 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2012.09.009.
• 11 Johansson M, Hildingsson I, Fenwick J. ‘As long as they are safe−birth mode does not matter’ Swedish fathers’ experiences of decision-making around caesarean section. Women Birth 2014; 27: 208-213 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2014.03.003.
• 12 Hasman K, Kjaergaard H, Esbensen BA. Fathers’ experience of childbirth when non-progressive labour occurs and augmentation is established. A qualitative study. Sex Reprod Healthc 2014; 5: 69-73 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2014.02.001.
• 13 Ledenfors A, Berterö C. First-time fathers’ experiences of normal childbirth. Midwifery 2016; 40: 26-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2016.05.013.
• 14 Zwedberg S, Bjerkan H, Asplund E. et al. Fathers’ experiences of a vacuum extraction delivery – a qualitative study. Sex Reprod Healthc 2015; 6: 164-168 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2015.05.003.
• 15 Deave T, Johnson D. The transition to parenthood: what does it mean for fathers?. J Adv Nurs 2008; 63: 626-633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04748.x.
• 16 Longworth HL, Kingdon CK. Fathers in the birth room: what are they expecting and experiencing? A phenomenological study. Midwifery 2011; 27: 588-594 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2010.06.013.
• 17 Inglis C, Sharman R, Reed R. Paternal mental health following perceived traumatic childbirth. Midwifery 2016; 41: 125-131 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2016.08.008.
• 18 Etheridge J, Slade P. “Nothing’s actually happened to me”: the experiences of fathers who found childbirth traumatic. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17: 80. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1259-y.
• 19 Brisch KH. SAFE. Sichere Ausbildung für Eltern; sichere Bindung zwischen Eltern und Kind; für Schwangerschaft und erste Lebensjahre. 8. Aufl. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta; 2017
• 20 Witzel A. Das problemzentrierte Interview [Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, Vol 1, Methodical and Empirical Examples/Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, Vol 1, No 1 (2000): Qualitative Research: National, Disciplinary, Methodical and Empirical Examples] 2000. doi:10.17169/fqs-1.1.1132
• 21 Mayring P. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlagen und Techniken. Beltz Pädagogik. 12. Aufl. Weinheim: Beltz; 2015
• 22 Poh HL, Koh SSL, Seow HCL. et al. First-time fathers’ experiences and needs during pregnancy and childbirth: a descriptive qualitative study. Midwifery 2014; 30: 779-787 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2013.10.002.
• 23 Johansson M, Thies-Lagergren L. Swedish fathers’ experiences of childbirth in relation to maternal birth position: a mixed method study. Women Birth 2015; 28: e140-e147 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2015.06.001.
• 24 Nystedt A, Hildingsson I. Women’s and men’s negative experience of child birth-A cross-sectional survey. Women Birth 2018; 31: 103-109 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2017.07.002.
• 25 Schildberger B. Väter im Kreißsaal – die vergessenen Beteiligten?. Hebamme 2010; 23: 163-166 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255300.
• 26 Howarth AM, Scott KM, Swain NR. First-time fathers’ perception of their childbirth experiences. J Health Psychol 2019; 24: 929-940 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316687628.
• 27 Sapountzi-Krepia D, Psychogiou M, Sakellari E. et al. Greek fathers’ experiences from their wife’s/partner’s labour and delivery: A qualitative approach. Int J Nurs Pract 2015; 21: 470-477 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12326.
• 28 Bélanger-Lévesque M-N, Pasquier M, Roy-Matton N. et al. Maternal and paternal satisfaction in the delivery room: a cross-sectional comparative study. BMJ Open 2014; 4: e004013 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004013.
• 29 Johansson M, Rubertsson C, Rådestad I. et al. Childbirth – an emotionally demanding experience for fathers. Sex Reprod Healthc 2012; 3: 11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2011.12.003.
• 30 Johansson M, Rådestad I, Rubertsson C. et al. Few fathers-to-be prefer caesarean section for the birth of their baby. BJOG 2010; 117: 761-764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02508.x.
• 31 Hildingsson I, Karlström A, Nystedt A. Parents’ experiences of an instrumental vaginal birth findings from a regional survey in Sweden. Sex Reprod Healthc 2013; 4: 3-8 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2012.12.002.
• 32 Johansson M, Hildingsson I. Intrapartum care could be improved according to Swedish fathers: mode of birth matters for satisfaction. Women Birth 2013; 26: 195-201 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2013.04.001.
• 33 Hildingsson I, Cederlöf L, Widén S. Fathers’ birth experience in relation to midwifery care. Women Birth 2011; 24: 129-136 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2010.12.003.
• 34 Eggermont K, Beeckman D, van Hecke A. et al. Needs of fathers during labour and childbirth: A cross-sectional study. Women Birth 2017; 30: e188-e197 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2016.12.001.