Perinatale Aspekte der SARS-CoV-2 Infektion

Zusammenfassung

Das neuartige Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 hat sich zu einer Pandemie entwickelt, in der es noch viele Unbekannte gibt. Die Modalitäten der Übertragung, unterschiedlichen Symptome und Ausprägungen sowie Begleiterscheinung der Erkrankung sind unzureichend charakterisiert. Gerade Patientengruppen in besonderen Situationen wie Schwangere und Neugeborene müssen dabei separat betrachtet werden. Das bisherige Wissen zu Schwangerschaft, Geburt und den ersten Lebenstagen ist aufgrund der spärlichen Datenlage von besonderer Unsicherheit geprägt. Es bestehen aber derzeit keine Hinweise für eine signifikante Verschlechterung im maternalen und perinatalen Outcome. Viele Schwangere mit SARS-CoV-2-Infektion bleiben asymptomatisch. Die Möglichkeit einer vertikalen Transmission auf das Kind kann nicht sicher ausgeschlossen werden. Hinweise hierauf ergaben sich jedoch bislang nur aus Einzelfällen. Auch Neugeboreneninfektionen sind eher selten, unspezifisch und verlaufen meist mild, wobei respiratorische Symptome dominieren. In diesem Artikel wird die bisherige Datenlage beleuchtet, um eine bessere Aufklärung, Beratung und Behandlung der Schwangeren und Neugeborenen mit SARS-CoV-2 zu ermöglichen und um Anregungen für die zukünftige Forschung zu geben.

Abstract

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has developed into a pandemic, yet still has many unknowns. The modalities of transmission, different symptoms and manifestations as well as concomitant circumstances of the disease are insufficiently characterized. Especially patient groups in special situations like pregnant women and newborns have to be considered separately. The current knowledge about pregnancy, labor and the first days of life is characterized by particular uncertainty due to the scarce data available. However, there is currently no evidence of significant unfavorable maternal and perinatal outcome. Many pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection remain asymptomatic. The possibility of vertical transmission to the child cannot be excluded with certainty. However, indications of vertical transmission were detected only in individual cases. Newborn infections are also rather rare, unspecific and usually mild, with respiratory symptoms dominating. In this article, the data available to date are examined in order to provide better information, advice and treatment for pregnant women and newborns with SARS-CoV-2 and to provide suggestions for future research.

Schlüsselwörter

SARS-CoV-2 - Coronavirus - COVID-19 - Neonat - perinatal

Key words

SARS-CoV-2 - coronavirus - COVID-19 - neonate - perinatal

Publication History

Received: 14 May 2020

Accepted after revision: 21 May 2020

Article published online:
24 August 2020

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