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Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2020; 48(04): 233-244
DOI: 10.1055/a-1186-8051
Originalartikel

Meningoenzephalitis und Meningitis beim Hund: retrospektive Analyse einer Klinikpopulation

Canine meningoencephalitis and meningitis: retrospective analysis of a veterinary hospital population
Gesine Buhmann
1   Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
,
Franziska Wielaender
1   Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
,
Marco Rosati
2   Sektion für Klinische und Vergleichende Neuropathologie, Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
,
Kaspar Matiasek
2   Sektion für Klinische und Vergleichende Neuropathologie, Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
,
Katrin Hartmann
1   Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
,
Andrea Fischer
1   Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel Charakterisierung der Ätiologie von Meningoenzephalitis und Meningitis beim Hund in einer Klinikpopulation.

Material und Methoden Retrospektive Studie (2011–2016) mit Auswertung der klinischen und diagnostischen Daten von Hunden mit einer Liquorpleozytose (> 15/3 µl). Einschlusskriterien waren vorliegende Befunde einer zytologischen Liquoruntersuchung oder einer histopathologischen Untersuchung des ZNS. Beurteilt wurde, ob im Liquorzellbild oder bei den routinemäßig durchgeführten Untersuchungen auf Infektionskrankheiten Hinweise auf eine infektiöse Ätiologie vorlagen.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt 62 Hunde erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien. Bei 14,5 % (n = 9) der Hunde lag eine reaktive Liquorpleozytose aufgrund einer anderen strukturellen Erkrankung des Gehirns wie ein Tumor oder Infarkt vor. Bei 56,5 % (n = 35) wurde eine Meningoenzephalitis oder Meningitis unbekannter Ursache diagnostiziert. Bei 29,0 % (n = 18) der Hunde bestand aufgrund der Diagnostik bezüglich Infektionskrankheiten oder durch Nachweis von Bakterien im Liquorzellbild (n = 5) der Verdacht auf eine infektiöse Meningoenzephalitis oder Meningitis. Bei 6 (9,7 %) diese Hunden war die Diagnose eindeutig, bei 9 (14,5 %) Hunden konnte nur ein Verdacht auf eine infektiöse Meningoenzephalitis oder Meningitis erhoben werden und bei 3 (4,8 %) Hunden lagen Befunde unklarer Bedeutung vor.

Schlussfolgerung Die häufigste Ursache für eine Liquorpleozytose war eine Meningoenzephalitis oder Meningitis unbekannter Ursache. Dennoch gab es bei 29 % der Hunde Hinweise auf eine mögliche infektiöse Ätiologie. Daher ist es für eine sichere Diagnose wichtig, den Liquor zytologisch zu beurteilen und Untersuchungen auf Infektionskrankheiten durchzuführen.

Klinische Relevanz Die Meningoenzephalitis/Meningitis unbekannter Ursache erfordert eine immunsuppressive Therapie. Für den Ausschluss einer infektiösen Meningoenzephalitis oder Meningitis haben Liquorzytologie und Untersuchungen auf Infektionskrankheiten eine besondere Bedeutung.

Abstract

Objective Characterization of the etiology of meningoencephalitis and meningitis in dogs through an analysis of a veterinary hospital population.

Material and methods Retrospective study (2011–2016) with evaluation of clinical and diagnostic data of dogs with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis (> 5/µl). Only dogs with cytological evaluation of CSF or pathological examination of CNS were included. Results of CSF cytology and examination for infectious diseases were reviewed.

Results A total of 62 dogs met the inclusion criteria. 14.5 % (n = 9) were classified as reactive CSF pleocytosis due to other structural CNS disease, such as neoplasia or infarct. Meningoencephalitis or meningitis of unknown origin was diagnosed in 56.5 % (n = 35). In 29.0 % (n = 18), investigations for infectious diseases or presence of bacteria in CSF cytology (n = 5) indicated an infectious etiology. This infectious etiology appeared reliable in 6 dogs (9.7 %) based on the examination findings, in 9 dogs (14.5 %), there was only a suspicion of infectious meningoencephalitis or meningitis and in 3 dogs (4.8 %), the findings were of uncertain significance.

Conclusion The most common cause of CSF pleocytosis was meningoencephalitis or meningitis of unknown origin. Nevertheless, there was evidence of a possible infectious etiology in 29 % of the dogs. For a reliable diagnosis, it is important to assess the CSF cytology and to conduct investigations for infectious diseases.

Clinical relevance Meningoencephalitis or meningitis of unknown origin requires immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, CSF cytology and investigations for infectious diseases are important for an exclusion of infectious meningoencephalitis or meningitis.

Schlüsselwörter

Enzephalitis - kanine - infektiös - immunmediiert - MUO - SRMA - ZNS

Key words

Encephalitis - dog - infectious - immune-mediated - MUO - SRMA - CNS


Publication History

Received: 18 September 2019

Accepted: 01 April 2020

Article published online:
21 August 2020

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York

 

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