B&G Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport 2019; 35(03): 127-133
DOI: 10.1055/a-0890-7269
Wissenschaft
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Strukturelle Prädiktoren der Adhärenz für körperliche Aktivität im betrieblichen Setting – eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit

Structural predictors of adherence to physical activity at the workplace: A systematic overview
Frederike Benda
Further Information

Publication History

Eingegangen: 19 January 2019

Angenommen durch Review: 13 March 2019

Publication Date:
14 June 2019 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Der Erfolg betrieblicher Gesundheitsprogramme hängt maßgeblich von der Adhärenz der Beschäftigten ab. In betrieblichen Bewegungsprogrammen beträgt diese üblicherweise 25,8 % bis 29,2 %. Determiniert wird die Adhärenz durch demografische, gesundheitsbezogene, arbeitsbezogene und strukturelle Prädiktoren (Robroek, van Lenthe, van Empelen und Burdorf, 2009). Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst zusammen, unter welchen strukturellen Prädiktoren die Adhärenz für betriebliche Bewegungsprogramme am höchsten ist.

Methode Zur Identifizierung relevanter Artikel wurde eine systematische Literatursuche in den Datenbanken Pubmed, Sportdiscus, Cinahl, Embase, Medline und Business Source Premier durchgeführt. Es konnten 47 relevante Artikel aus der Ergebnismenge extrahiert werden. Diese wurden in Bezug auf ihre methodische Qualität bewertet. Adhärenzdaten sowie Teilnehmerquoten wurden nach thematischen Schwerpunkten ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Qualität der Studien ist gering, da nur wenige Studien die Adhärenz von betrieblichen Bewegungsprogrammen als primäres Zielkriterium auswerten. Die Messung, Operationalisierung und Definition der Adhärenz für körperliche Aktivität variiert sehr stark in den untersuchten Studien und die Ergebnisse sind inkonsistent. Es fehlen randomisierte kontrollierte Versuche, die unterschiedliche strukturelle Aspekte der Betriebe und Programme miteinander vergleichen. Dennoch konnte der Einfluss struktureller Prädiktoren auf die Adhärenz für betriebliche Bewegungsprogramme bestätigt werden.

Diskussion Es besteht die Notwendigkeit, die Adhärenzforschung zu standardisieren, um vergleichbare Ergebnisse liefern zu können. Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien sollten den Einfluss struktureller Prädiktoren auf die Adhärenz genauer spezifizieren. Es ist außerdem von Bedeutung, Strategien zu finden, die die Langzeitadhärenz erhöhen, um das gesundheitsfördernde Potential von Bewegungsprogrammen am Arbeitsplatz besser nutzen zu können. Hierfür muss die Adhärenz als ein komplex determiniertes Verhalten betrachtet werden.

Summary

Background The success of corporate wellness programmes depends on the participation rate. The success rate of programmes with physical activity usually lies between 25.8 % and 29.2 %. This rate is influenced by demographic, work-related and health-related determinants as well as structural programme characteristics. The aim of this review is to evaluate the structure of workplace and structural programme characteristics that are appropriate for creating a high participation rate in corporate physical activity programmes.

Methods A systematic search of literature was carried out in the databases pubmed, sportdiscus, cinahl, embase, medline and business source premier. 47 studies were selected and evaluated. The quality as well as the adherence data was assessed with emphasis on different topics.

Results The methodological quality of the evaluated studies is not very high. Only a few studies examine the adherence to physical activity as primary outcome. Several different methods for measuring, operationalizing and defining adherence were applied by the investigated studies. The results are thus; inconsistent. Moreover there is lack of randomised controlled trails comparing different structures of companies and programme characteristics. Nevertheless, the influence of structural predictors on adherence in corporate physical activity programmes can be confirmed.

Discussion There is need to standardize adherence research and carry out randomised controlled trials in order to evaluate the effects of structural predictors on adherence to physical activity in the corporate setting. It is important to find strategies of increasing long-term-adherence in order to achieve maximum success of corporate physical activity programmes

 
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