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Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 128(04): 216-223
DOI: 10.1055/a-0794-6057
Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata, India: Prevalence, Pathogenesis and Potential Disease Biomarkers

Jayita Basu
1   Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
,
Chhanda Datta
2   Department of Pathology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
,
Subhankar Chowdhury
3   Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
,
Debasmita Mandal
4   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
,
Nandan Kumar Mondal
5   Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, United States
,
Amlan Ghosh
1   Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
› Author Affiliations Funding Financial support for this work was provided by grants from FRPDF of Presidency University and DBT Builders to Dr. Amlan Ghosh.
Further Information

Publication History

received 02 September 2018
revised  04 November 2018

accepted 09 November 2018

Publication Date:
03 December 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Aims Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may vary across a country like India. Risk factors and disease-pathogenesis were also not fully elucidated. This study aimed to examine prevalence of GDM among pregnant women visiting antenatal clinic of a tertiary-care hospital of Kolkata, India; possible mechanism of disease pathogenesis and potency of associated parameters as disease biomarkers were also explored.

Methods 735 pregnant women were screened for GDM according to DIPSI (Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India) guideline and risk-factors were analyzed. Case-control study was conducted with 114 GDM and 114 matched non-GDM control. Blood sample was collected before glucose load for complete blood count, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and assessment of DNA damage.

Results Prevalence of GDM was found to be 17.2%(127/735). Maternal age, diabetic family history and acanthosis nigricans seemed to be important risk factors. Total ROS, lymphocyte DNA damage (measured by comet-assay) and some inflammatory hematological parameters were significantly higher in GDM compared to control. ROS, comet-tail DNA%, WBC, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were established as independent determinants of disease condition after adjustment for pre-gestational body mass index. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, ROS>155.7 arbitrary fluorescent unit, NLR>2.12 and MPV>11.05 fL showed 82.5 & 98.2%, 71.9 & 84.2% and 71.9 & 82.5% sensitivity & specificity respectively in disease prediction.

Conclusions Prevalence of GDM seemed to be high in Kolkata on Indian scenario. Oxidative-stress, related DNA-damage and inflammation seemed to have important contribution in pathogenesis of GDM independent of obesity. ROS, NLR and MPV with respective cut-off scores might be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for better management of the disease.

Key words

gestational diabetes mellitus - prevalence - kolkata - pathogenesis - oxidative stress - inflammatory biomarkers
 

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