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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2019; 87(08): 412-420
DOI: 10.1055/a-0597-1890
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Ein Ausweg aus der Gedankenfalle: Zur Bedeutung von Sprache und Regelsteuerung in der Akzeptanz- und Commitmenttherapie

Avoiding the Traps of Thought: The Relevance of Language and Rules for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Nicole Scherf
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
,
Edward Spruit
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
,
Stephan Köhler
2   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
,
Golo Kronenberg
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

eingereicht 07 December 2017

akzeptiert 22 March 2018

Publication Date:
11 July 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Verhaltenstherapie blickt inzwischen auf eine lange Entwicklungsgeschichte zurück. Die drei bedeutendsten Entwicklungsphasen der Verhaltenstherapie sind hierbei die „behaviorale“ Phase, die „kognitive Wende“ sowie die sogenannte „Dritte Welle“. Die Dritte Welle der Verhaltenstherapie ist gekennzeichnet durch sehr heterogene Therapieansätze. Vorgestellt wird hier die Bezugsrahmentheorie (BRT), da die BRT für zahlreiche neuere psychotherapeutische Methoden das wissenschaftstheoretische Fundament bildet. Hierbei erläutert die BRT, wie es zu Erlebnisvermeidung („experiential avoidance“) kommt, welche mit der Entwicklung einer bestimmten Psychopathologie in Zusammenhang gebracht wird. Erlebnisvermeidung beschreibt den Versuch, schwieriges inneres Erleben wie Erinnerungen, Gefühle und Gedanken zu kontrollieren. Die Akzeptanz- und Commitmenttherapie (ACT), als eine Strategie der Dritten Welle in der Verhaltenstherapie, setzt genau an diesem Punkt der Erlebniskontrolle an. Die Wirksamkeit von ACT ist mittlerweile in einer Vielzahl von Studien auch für unterschiedliche Störungsbilder gut belegt.

Abstract

Behavioral therapy has greatly evolved and branched out in different directions since its inception. Three stages in the development of modern behavioral psychotherapies can be discerned: behaviorism, the cognitive revolution, and, most recently, the so-called third wave behavioral therapies. Characteristic of third-wave therapies is the great heterogeneity in treatment strategies. To gain a deeper understanding of several third-wave approaches, we here outline relational frame theory (RFT) as an important theoretical foundation. RFT explains how experiential avoidance, a behavioral strategy aimed at eschewing unpleasant internal experiences (e. g., thoughts, feelings, memories), promotes the onset and progression of psychopathology. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), a prime example of a third-wave therapy, focuses on cultivating the skills needed to embrace discomforting thoughts and emotions. Accumulating evidence including meta-analytic evidence supports the effectiveness of ACT in a wide array of psychiatric disorders

Schlüsselwörter

Bezugsrahmentheorie - Erlebnisvermeidung - Akzeptanz und Commitmenttherapie - Wirksamkeit - Dritte Welle der Verhaltenstherapie

Key words

relational frame theory - experiential avoidance - acceptance and commitment therapy - efficacy - third wave of behavior therapy
 

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