Download PDF
Thromb Haemost 2021; 121(05): 659-675
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721386
Atherosclerosis and Ischaemic Disease

Immature Platelets and Risk of Cardiovascular Events among Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: A Systematic Review

Julie Faber
1   Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
,
Anne-Mette Hvas
1   Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
2   Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
,
Steen Dalby Kristensen
1   Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
3   Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
,
Erik Lerkevang Grove 
1   Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
3   Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
,
Kasper Adelborg
1   Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
2   Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
4   Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
› Author Affiliations Funding This study was funded by Aarhus University Hospital.
› Further Information
Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Background Immature platelets are larger and may be more thrombogenic than mature platelets. This systematic review included studies on the association between mean platelet volume (MPV), immature platelet count (IPC), and immature platelet fraction (IPF) and the risk of major cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods The literature search included studies in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Effect estimates that included multivariate adjusted odds ratios, relative risks, or hazard ratios were extracted.

Results Forty-two studies were identified. High MPV was positively associated with MACE in 20 of 26 studies of patients with ACS, four of five studies in patients with stable CAD, and in all six studies comprising a combined population with ACS and stable CAD. Using continuous models of MPV in patients with ACS, effect estimates varied from 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–1.03) to 1.66 (95% CI: 1.32–2.09). The strength of these associations was broadly similar among patients with stable CAD and in combined populations. Five studies investigated IPC or IPF as exposures and all reported positive associations with MACE among patients with ACS, stable CAD, or in combined populations.

Conclusion This review demonstrated clear evidence for positive associations between measures of immature platelets and subsequent risk of MACE in acute and stable ischemic heart disease patients.

Keywords

acute coronary syndrome - coronary artery disease - immature platelets - mean platelet volume

Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 31 July 2020

Accepted: 21 October 2020

Article published online:
10 December 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • References

  • 1 Nowbar AN, Gitto M, Howard JP, Francis DP, Al-Lamee R. Mortality from ischemic heart disease. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2019; 12 (06) e005375
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Kumar A, Cannon CP. Acute coronary syndromes: diagnosis and management, part I. Mayo Clin Proc 2009; 84 (10) 917-938
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Jernberg T, Hasvold P, Henriksson M, Hjelm H, Thuresson M, Janzon M. Cardiovascular risk in post-myocardial infarction patients: nationwide real world data demonstrate the importance of a long-term perspective. Eur Heart J 2015; 36 (19) 1163-1170
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Wada H, Dohi T, Miyauchi K. et al. Mean platelet volume and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2018; 277: 108-112
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Badimon L, Padró T, Vilahur G. Atherosclerosis, platelets and thrombosis in acute ischaemic heart disease. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2012; 1 (01) 60-74
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Huang HL, Chen CH, Kung CT. et al. Clinical utility of mean platelet volume and immature platelet fraction in acute coronary syndrome. Biomed J 2019; 42 (02) 107-115
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Grove EL, Hvas AM, Kristensen SD. Immature platelets in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Thromb Haemost 2009; 101 (01) 151-156
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Handtke S, Thiele T. Large and small platelets-(When) do they differ?. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18 (06) 1256-1267
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Martin JF, Plumb J, Kilbey RS, Kishk YT. Changes in volume and density of platelets in myocardial infarction. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983; 287 (6390): 456-459
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Cameron HA, Phillips R, Ibbotson RM, Carson PH. Platelet size in myocardial infarction. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983; 287 (6390): 449-451
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Handtke S, Steil L, Palankar R. et al. Role of platelet size revisited-function and protein composition of large and small platelets. Thromb Haemost 2019; 119 (03) 407-420
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Jakubowski JA, Thompson CB, Vaillancourt R, Valeri CR, Deykin D. Arachidonic acid metabolism by platelets of differing size. Br J Haematol 1983; 53 (03) 503-511
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Martin JF, Trowbridge EA, Salmon G, Plumb J. The biological significance of platelet volume: its relationship to bleeding time, platelet thromboxane B2 production and megakaryocyte nuclear DNA concentration. Thromb Res 1983; 32 (05) 443-460
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Giles H, Smith RE, Martin JF. Platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa and size are increased in acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Clin Invest 1994; 24 (01) 69-72
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Guthikonda S, Alviar CL, Vaduganathan M. et al. Role of reticulated platelets and platelet size heterogeneity on platelet activity after dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52 (09) 743-749
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Guthikonda S, Lev EI, Patel R. et al. Reticulated platelets and uninhibited COX-1 and COX-2 decrease the antiplatelet effects of aspirin. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5 (03) 490-496
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Ingram M, Coopersmith A. Reticulated platelets following acute blood loss. Br J Haematol 1969; 17 (03) 225-229
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Kieffer N, Guichard J, Farcet JP, Vainchenker W, Breton-Gorius J. Biosynthesis of major platelet proteins in human blood platelets. Eur J Biochem 1987; 164 (01) 189-195
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Harrison P, Goodall AH. “Message in the platelet”--more than just vestigial mRNA!. Platelets 2008; 19 (06) 395-404
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Leader A, Pereg D, Lishner M. Are platelet volume indices of clinical use? A multidisciplinary review. Ann Med 2012; 44 (08) 805-816
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Ranjith MP, DivyaRaj R, Mathew D, George B, Krishnan MN. Mean platelet volume and cardiovascular outcomes in acute myocardial infarction. Heart Asia 2016; 8 (01) 16-20
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Wasilewski J, Desperak P, Hawranek M. et al. Prognostic implications of mean platelet volume on short- and long-term outcomes among patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: a single-center large observational study. Platelets 2016; 27 (05) 452-458
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Yu T, Dong Y, Sun Z, Sun Z. Comparison of prognostic significance of mean platelet volume/platelet count with GRACE for long-term prognosis in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228: 335-340
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Tscharre M, Farhan S, Bruno V. et al. Impact of platelet turnover on long-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49 (09) e13157
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Niu X, Liu G, Huo L. et al. Risk stratification based on components of the complete blood count in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a classification and regression tree analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8 (01) 2838
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Perl L, Matatov Y, Koronowski R, Lev EI, Solodky A. Prognostic significance of reticulated platelet levels in diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease. Platelets 2020; 31 (08) 1012-1018
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Martin JF, Kristensen SD, Mathur A, Grove EL, Choudry FA. The causal role of megakaryocyte–platelet hyperactivity in acute coronary syndromes. Nat Rev Cardiol 2012; 9 (11) 658-670
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. PRISMA Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg 2010; 8 (05) 336-341
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes. Study quality assessment tools. Accessed June 25, 2020 at: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools
  • 30 Vogiatzis I, Samaras A, Grigoriadis S, Sdogkos E, Koutsampasopoulos K, Bostanitis I. The mean platelet volume in the prognosis of coronary artery disease severity and risk stratification of acute coronary syndromes. Med Arch 2019; 73 (02) 76-80
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Ghaffari S, Pourafkari L, Javadzadegan H, Masoumi N, Jafarabadi MA, Nader ND. Mean platelet volume is a predictor of ST resolution following thrombolysis in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 2015; 136 (01) 101-106
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Aksu H, Ozer O, Unal H. et al. Significance of mean platelet volume on prognosis of patients with and without aspirin resistance in settings of non-ST-segment elevated acute coronary syndromes. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2009; 20 (08) 686-693
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Choi SW, Choi DH, Kim HW, Ku YH, Ha SI, Park G. Clinical outcome prediction from mean platelet volume in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in Korean cohort: Implications of more simple and useful test than platelet function testing. Platelets 2014; 25 (05) 322-327
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Akgul O, Uyarel H, Pusuroglu H. et al. Prognostic value of elevated mean platelet volume in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Acta Cardiol 2013; 68 (03) 307-314
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Chang HY, Hsu LW, Lee CH. et al. Impact of platelet volume on the clinical outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Acta Cardiol Sin 2019; 35 (06) 563-570
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Fabregat-Andrés Ó, Cubillos A, Ferrando-Beltrán M. et al. Mean platelet volume is associated with infarct size and microvascular obstruction estimated by cardiac magnetic resonance in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2013; 24 (04) 424-427
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Canga Y, Emre A, Karatas MB. et al. Mean platelet volume predicts short-term prognosis in young patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Emerg 2019; 5 (02) 50-58
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Dogan A, Aksoy F, Icli A. et al. Mean platelet volume is associated with culprit lesion severity and cardiac events in acute coronary syndromes without ST elevation. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2012; 23 (04) 324-330
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 39 Nozari Y, Parsa M, Jalali A, Ariannejad H, Shafiee A. Mean platelet volume and major adverse cardiac events following percutaneous coronary intervention. Arch Iran Med 2019; 22 (04) 198-203
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Vakili H, Kowsari R, Namazi MH. et al. Could mean platelet volume predicts impaired reperfusion and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event in patients with primary percutaneous coronary intervention after ST-elevation myocardial infarction?. J Tehran Univ Heart Cent 2009; 4 (01) 17-23
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 41 Navarta DAC, Monteros A, Trejo G. et al. Mean platelet volume as prognostic marker in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Rev Argent Cardiol 2015; 83 (04) 292-298
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 42 Akpek M, Kaya MG, Uyarel H. et al. The association of serum uric acid levels on coronary flow in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219 (01) 334-341
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 43 Ayça B, Akin F, Çelik Ö. et al. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker in primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Platelets 2015; 26 (07) 638-644
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 44 Celik T, Kaya MG, Akpek M. et al. Predictive value of admission platelet volume indices for in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Angiology 2015; 66 (02) 155-162
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 45 Machado GP, Araujo GN, Carpes CK. et al. Comparison of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in the prediction of adverse events after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2018; 274: 212-217
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 46 López-Cuenca AA, Tello-Montoliu A, Roldán V, Pérez-Berbel P, Valdés M, Marín F. Prognostic value of mean platelet volume in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Angiology 2012; 63 (04) 241-244
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 47 Bolat I, Akgul O, Cakmak HA. et al. The prognostic value of admission mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Kardiol Pol 2016; 74 (04) 346-355
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 48 Wan ZF, Zhou D, Xue JH. et al. Combination of mean platelet volume and the GRACE risk score better predicts future cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Platelets 2014; 25 (06) 447-451
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 49 Tian C, Song J, He D, Wu J, Sun Z, Sun Z. Predictive value of mean platelet volume/platelet count for prognosis in acute myocardial infarction. Int Heart J 2018; 59 (02) 286-292
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 50 Taglieri N, Saia F, Rapezzi C. et al. Prognostic significance of mean platelet volume on admission in an unselected cohort of patients with non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Thromb Haemost 2011; 106 (01) 132-140
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 51 Niu X, Yang C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yao Y. Mean platelet volume on admission improves risk prediction in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Angiology 2015; 66 (05) 456-463
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 52 Cesari F, Marcucci R, Gori AM. et al. Reticulated platelets predict cardiovascular death in acute coronary syndrome patients. Insights from the AMI-Florence 2 Study. Thromb Haemost 2013; 109 (05) 846-853
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 53 Seyyed-Mohammadzad MH, Eskandari R, Rezaei Y. et al. Prognostic value of mean platelet volume in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Anatol J Cardiol 2015; 15 (01) 25-30
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 54 Nozari Y, Bahrehmand M, Hosseini SK, Mahmoodian M, Sharafi A. Mean platelet volume as a predictor of one-year major adverse cardiac events following elective percutaneous coronary interventions. J Tehran Heart Cent 2014; 9 (02) 64-69
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 55 Unal EU, Ozen A, Kocabeyoglu S. et al. Mean platelet volume may predict early clinical outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting. J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 8: 91
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 56 Jiang P, Song Y, Xu JJ. et al. Two-year prognostic value of mean platelet volume in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiol J 2019; 26 (02) 138-146
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 57 Moon AR, Choi DH, Jahng SY. et al. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and mean platelet volume as predictive values after percutaneous coronary intervention for long-term clinical outcomes: a comparable and additive study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2016; 27 (01) 70-76
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 58 Ki YJ, Park S, Ha SI, Choi DH, Song H. Usefulness of mean platelet volume as a biomarker for long-term clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in Korean cohort: a comparable and additive predictive value to high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide. Platelets 2014; 25 (06) 427-432
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 59 Seo HJ, Ki YJ, Han MA, Choi DH, Ryu SW. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and mean platelet volume as predictive values after percutaneous coronary intervention for long-term clinical outcomes in Korea: A comparable and additive study. Platelets 2015; 26 (07) 665-671
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 60 Goncalves SC, Labinaz M, Le May M. et al. Usefulness of mean platelet volume as a biomarker for long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2011; 107 (02) 204-209
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 61 Kern A, Gil RJ, Bojko K. et al. Platelet distribution width as the prognostic marker in coronary bifurcation treatment. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47 (07) 524-530
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 62 Eisen A, Bental T, Assali A, Kornowski R, Lev EI. Mean platelet volume as a predictor for long-term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2013; 36 (04) 469-474
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 63 Ibrahim H, Schutt RC, Hannawi B, DeLao T, Barker CM, Kleiman NS. Association of immature platelets with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64 (20) 2122-2129
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 64 Freynhofer MK, Iliev L, Bruno V. et al. Platelet turnover predicts outcome after coronary intervention. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117 (05) 923-933
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 65 Lev EI. Immature platelets: clinical relevance and research perspectives. Circulation 2016; 134 (14) 987-988
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 66 De Luca G, Santagostino M, Secco GG. et al. Mean platelet volume and the extent of coronary artery disease: results from a large prospective study. Atherosclerosis 2009; 206 (01) 292-297
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 67 Kuter DJ, Rosenberg RD. The reciprocal relationship of thrombopoietin (c-Mpl ligand) to changes in the platelet mass during busulfan-induced thrombocytopenia in the rabbit. Blood 1995; 85 (10) 2720-2730
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 68 Huczek Z, Kochman J, Filipiak KJ. et al. Mean platelet volume on admission predicts impaired reperfusion and long-term mortality in acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46 (02) 284-290
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 69 Hendra TJ, Oswald GA, Yudkin JS. Increased mean platelet volume after acute myocardial infarction relates to diabetes and to cardiac failure. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1988; 5 (01) 63-69
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 70 Yang A, Pizzulli L, Lüderitz B. Mean platelet volume as marker of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris. Thromb Res 2006; 117 (04) 371-377
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 71 Kuter DJ. Biology and chemistry of thrombopoietic agents. Semin Hematol 2010; 47 (03) 243-248
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 72 Thon JN, Italiano JE. Platelet formation. Semin Hematol 2010; 47 (03) 220-226
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 73 Ekici B, Erkan AF, Alhan A, Sayın I, Aylı M, Töre HF. Is mean platelet volume associated with the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease?. Kardiol Pol 2013; 71 (08) 832-838
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 74 Papanas N, Symeonidis G, Maltezos E. et al. Mean platelet volume in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Platelets 2004; 15 (08) 475-478
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 75 Coban E, Ozdogan M, Yazicioglu G, Akcit F. The mean platelet volume in patients with obesity. Int J Clin Pract 2005; 59 (08) 981-982
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 76 Kario K, Matsuo T, Nakao K. Cigarette smoking increases the mean platelet volume in elderly patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis. Clin Lab Haematol 1992; 14 (04) 281-287
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 77 Nadar S, Blann AD, Lip GY. Platelet morphology and plasma indices of platelet activation in essential hypertension: effects of amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy. Ann Med 2004; 36 (07) 552-557
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 78 Klovaite J, Benn M, Yazdanyar S, Nordestgaard BG. High platelet volume and increased risk of myocardial infarction: 39,531 participants from the general population. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9 (01) 49-56
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 79 Chen Z, Li N, Wang J. et al. Association between mean platelet volume and major adverse cardiac events in percutaneous coronary interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Coron Artery Dis 2020; 31 (08) 722-732
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 80 Chesnutt JK, Han HC. Platelet size and density affect shear-induced thrombus formation in tortuous arterioles. Phys Biol 2013; 10 (05) 056003
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 81 Karpatkin S. Heterogeneity of human platelets. II. Functional evidence suggestive of young and old platelets. J Clin Invest 1969; 48 (06) 1083-1087
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 82 Kamath S, Blann AD, Lip GY. Platelet activation: assessment and quantification. Eur Heart J 2001; 22 (17) 1561-1571
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 83 Thompson CB, Eaton KA, Princiotta SM, Rushin CA, Valeri CR. Size dependent platelet subpopulations: relationship of platelet volume to ultrastructure, enzymatic activity, and function. Br J Haematol 1982; 50 (03) 509-519
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 84 Martin JF, Shaw T, Heggie J, Penington DG. Measurement of the density of human platelets and its relationship to volume. Br J Haematol 1983; 54 (03) 337-352
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 85 Hong H, Xiao W, Maitta RW. Steady increment of immature platelet fraction is suppressed by irradiation in single-donor platelet components during storage. PLoS One 2014; 9 (01) e85465
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 86 Würtz M, Hvas AM, Jensen LO. et al. 24-hour antiplatelet effect of aspirin in patients with previous definite stent thrombosis. Int J Cardiol 2014; 175 (02) 274-279
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 87 Grove EL. Antiplatelet effect of aspirin in patients with coronary artery disease. Dan Med J 2012; 59 (09) B4506
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 88 Stratz C, Nührenberg T, Amann M. et al. Impact of reticulated platelets on antiplatelet response to thienopyridines is independent of platelet turnover. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116 (05) 941-948
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 89 Bernlochner I, Goedel A, Plischke C. et al. Impact of immature platelets on platelet response to ticagrelor and prasugrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J 2015; 36 (45) 3202-3210
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 90 Stratz C, Nührenberg T, Valina CM. et al. Impact of reticulated platelets on the antiplatelet effect of the intravenous P2Y12-receptor inhibitor cangrelor. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118 (02) 362-368
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 91 Ibrahim H, Nadipalli S, DeLao T, Guthikonda S, Kleiman NS. Immature platelet fraction (IPF) determined with an automated method predicts clopidogrel hyporesponsiveness. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 33 (02) 137-142
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 92 Lippi G, Pavesi F, Pipitone S. Evaluation of mean platelet volume with four hematological analyzers: harmonization is still an unresolved issue. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 26 (02) 235-237
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 93 Buttarello M, Mezzapelle G, Freguglia F, Plebani M. Reticulated platelets and immature platelet fraction: clinical applications and method limitations. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 42 (04) 363-370
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 94 Lancé MD, Sloep M, Henskens YM, Marcus MA. Mean platelet volume as a diagnostic marker for cardiovascular disease: drawbacks of preanalytical conditions and measuring techniques. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2012; 18 (06) 561-568
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 95 Delfian THH, Andra CA, Mukhtar Z, Nasution AN, Haykal TB. Mean platelet volume addition in grace score as predictor of major cardiovascular events during treatment among acute coronary syndrome patients. Int J Chemtech Res 2019; 12 (02) 203-211
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 96 Grove EL, Storey RF, Kristensen SD. Can we improve the efficacy of low-dose aspirin?. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112 (06) 1077-1078
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar