Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-2148-3323
S2k-Leitlinie Nichtinvasive Beatmung als Therapie der akuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz
herausgegeben von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und BeatmungsmedizinNon-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure. Clinical Practice Guidelineson behalf of the German Society of Pneumology and Ventilatory MedicineZusammenfassung
Die Leitlinienaktualisierung zeigt die Vorteile sowie die Grenzen der NIV bei der Behandlung von akutem Atemversagen im klinischen Alltag und bei unterschiedlichen Indikationen auf.
Die nichtinvasive Beatmung (NIV) hat einen hohen Stellenwert bei der Therapie des hyperkapnischen akuten Atemversagens, da sie die Aufenthaltsdauer und den Krankenhausaufenthalt auf der Intensivstation sowie die Mortalität deutlich reduziert.
Patienten mit kardiopulmonalem Ödem und akutem Atemversagen sollten zusätzlich zu notwendigen kardiologischen Eingriffen mit kontinuierlichem positivem Atemwegsdruck (CPAP) und Sauerstoff behandelt werden. Dies sollte bereits präklinisch und in der Notaufnahme erfolgen.
Bei anderen Formen des akuten hypoxämischen Atemversagens mit nur leicht bis mäßig gestörtem Gasaustausch (PaO2/FiO2 > 150 mmHg) ergibt sich kein signifikanter Vor- oder Nachteil gegenüber nasaler Sauerstoff-High-Flow-Therapie (HFNO). Bei schweren Formen des ARDS ist die NIV mit einer hohen Rate an Behandlungsversagen und Mortalität verbunden, insbesondere in Fällen mit NIV-Versagen und verzögerter Intubation.
Zur Präoxygenierung vor der Intubation sollte NIV verwendet werden. Bei Risikopatienten wird eine NIV empfohlen, um Extubationsversagen zu reduzieren. Im Entwöhnungsprozess von der invasiven Beatmung reduziert NIV das Risiko einer Reintubation bei hyperkapnischen Patienten wesentlich. NIV gilt in der Palliativversorgung als nützlich zur Reduzierung von Dyspnoe und zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität, hier aber in Konkurrenz zur HFNO, das als komfortabler gilt. Mittlerweile wird die NIV auch im präklinischen Bereich empfohlen, insbesondere bei hyperkapnischem Atemversagen und beim Lungenödem.
Bei entsprechender Überwachung auf einer Intensivstation kann NIV auch bei pädiatrischen Patienten mit akuter Ateminsuffizienz erfolgreich eingesetzt werden.
Abstract
The guideline update outlines the advantages as well as the limitations of NIV in the treatment of acute respiratory failure in daily clinical practice and in different indications.
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has a high value in therapy of hypercapnic acute respiratory failure, as it significantly reduces the length of ICU stay and hospitalization as well as mortality.
Patients with cardiopulmonary edema and acute respiratory failure should be treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oxygen in addition to necessary cardiological interventions. This should be done already prehospital and in the emergency department.
In case of other forms of acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure with only mild or moderately disturbed gas exchange (PaO2/FiO2 > 150 mmHg) there is no significant advantage or disadvantage compared to high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO). In severe forms of ARDS NIV is associated with high rates of treatment failure and mortality, especially in cases with NIV-failure and delayed intubation.
NIV should be used for preoxygenation before intubation. In patients at risk, NIV is recommended to reduce extubation failure. In the weaning process from invasive ventilation NIV essentially reduces the risk of reintubation in hypercapnic patients. NIV is regarded useful within palliative care for reduction of dyspnea and improving quality of life, but here in concurrence to HFNO, which is regarded as more comfortable. Meanwhile NIV is also recommended in prehospital setting, especially in hypercapnic respiratory failure and pulmonary edema.
With appropriate monitoring in an intensive care unit NIV can also be successfully applied in pediatric patients with acute respiratory insufficiency.
Publication History
Article published online:
13 October 2023
© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
Literatur
- 1 Westhoff M, Schönhofer B, Neumann P. et al. Nicht-invasive Beatmung als Therapie der akuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz. Pneumologie 2015; 69: 719-756
- 2 Brochard L, Mancebo J, Wysocki M. et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 817-822
- 3 Antonelli M, Conti G, Rocco M. et al. A comparison of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 429-435
- 4 Rello J, Ollendorf DA, Oster G. et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large US database. Chest 2002; 122: 2115-2121
- 5 Fagon JY, Chastre J, Hance AJ. et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: a cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay. Am J Med 1993; 94: 281-288
- 6 Kollef MH. Prevention of hospital-associated pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 1396-1405
- 7 Werdan K, Ruß M, Boeken U. et al. Infarkt-bedingter kardiogener Schock – Diagnose, Monitoring und Therapie. S3-Leitlinie. 2019 AWMF-RN 019–013. www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/019-013.html
- 8 British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Thorax 2002; 57: 192-211
- 9 Díaz GG, Alcaraz AC, Talavera JC. et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation to treat hypercapnic coma secondary to respiratory failure. Chest 2005; 127: 952-960
- 10 Scala R, Naldi M, Archinucci I. et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD and varying levels of consciousness. Chest 2005; 128: 1657-1666
- 11 Barbé F, Togores B, Rubí M. et al. Noninvasive ventilatory support does not facilitate recovery from acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 1240-1245
- 12 Vassilakopoulos T, Zakynthinos S, Roussos Ch. Respiratory muscles and weaning failure. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 2383-2400
- 13 Appendini L, Patessio A, Zanaboni S. et al. Physiologic effects of positive end-expiratory pressure and mask pressure support during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: 1069-1076
- 14 Vitacca M, Ambrosino N, Clini E. et al. Physiological response to pressure support ventilation delivered before and after extubation in patients not capable of totally spontaneous autonomous breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 638-641
- 15 Diaz O, Iglesia R, Ferrer M. et al. Effects of noninvasive ventilation on pulmonary gas exchange and hemodynamics during acute hypercapnic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156: 1840-1845
- 16 Ferrer M, Torres A. Noninvasive Ventilation and High-Flow Nasal Therapy Administration in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 41: 786-797
- 17 Girou E, Brun-Buisson C, Taillé S. et al. Secular trends in nosocomial infections and mortality associated with noninvasive ventilation in patients with exacerbation of COPD and pulmonary edema. JAMA 2003; 290: 2985-2991
- 18 Burns KE, Sinuff T, Adhikari NK. et al. Bilevel noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure: survey of Ontario practice. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 1477-1483
- 19 Toft-Petersen AP, Torp-Pedersen C, Weinreich UM. et al. Trends in assisted ventilation and outcome for obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. A nationwide study. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0171713
- 20 de Miguel-Diez J, Jiménez-García R, Hernández-Barrera V. et al. Trends in the Use and Outcomes of Mechanical Ventilation among Patients Hospitalized with Acute Exacerbations of COPD in Spain, 2001 to 2015. J Clin Med 2019; 8: 1621
- 21 Meduri GU, Conoscenti CC, Menashe PP. et al. Noninvasive face mask ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Chest 1989; 95: 865-870
- 22 Brochard L, Isabey D, Piquet J. et al. Reversal of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease by inspiratory assistance with a face mask. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1523-1530
- 23 Osadnik CR, Tee VS, Carson-Chahhoud KV. et al. Non-invasive ventilation for the management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 7: CD004104
- 24 Stefan MS, Nathanson BH, Higgins TL. et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Noninvasive and Invasive Ventilation in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Crit Care Med 2015; 43: 1386-1394
- 25 Peng L, Ren PW, Liu XT. et al. Use of noninvasive ventilation at the pulmonary infection control window for acute respiratory failure in AECOPD patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on GRADE approach. Medicine 2016; 95: e3880
- 26 Lindenauer PK, Stefan MS, Shieh MS. et al. Outcomes associated with invasive and noninvasive ventilation among patients hospitalized with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174: 1982-1993
- 27 Conti G, Antonelli M, Navalesi P. et al. Noninvasive vs. conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after failure of medical treatment in the ward: a randomized trial. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1701-1707
- 28 McLaughlin KM, Murray IM, Thain G. et al. Ward-based non-invasive ventilation for hypercapnic exacerbations of COPD: a ‘real-life’ perspective. QJM 2010; 103: 505-510
- 29 Masa JF, Utrabo I, Gomez de Terreros J. et al. Noninvasive ventilation for severely acidotic patients in respiratory intermediate care units: Precision medicine in intermediate care units. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16: 97
- 30 Rochwerg B, Brochard L, Elliott MW. et al. Official ERS/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J 2017; 50: 1602426
- 31 Oczkowski S, Ergan B, Bos L. et al. ERS clinical practice guidelines: high-flow nasal cannula in acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J 2022; 59: 2101574
- 32 Nava S, Hill N. Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Lancet 2009; 374: 250-259
- 33 Nava S, Grassi M, Fanfulla F. et al. Non-invasive ventilation in elderly patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing 2011; 40: 444-450
- 34 Nicolini A, Santo M, Ferrera L. et al. The use of non-invasive ventilation in very old patients with hypercapnic acute respiratory failure because of COPD exacerbation. Int J Clin Pract 2014; 68: 1523-1529
- 35 Scala R. Challenges on non-invasive ventilation to treat acute respiratory failure in the elderly. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16: 150
- 36 Balami JS, Packham SM, Gosney MA. Non-invasive ventilation for respiratory failure due to acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in older patients. Age ageing 2006; 35: 75-79
- 37 Heppner HJ, Singler K, Sieber C. et al. Evidenzbasierte Medizin-Schlussfolgerungen aus der Leitlinie „nicht-invasive Beatmung“ für kritisch kranke geriatrische Patienten. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 44: 103-108
- 38 Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. Early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general respiratory wards: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000; 355: 1931-1935
- 39 Liu L, Qiu HB, Zheng RQ. et al. [Prospective randomized controlled clinical study of early use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2005; 17: 477-480
- 40 Trethewey SP, Edgar RG, Morlet J. et al. Late presentation of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure carries a high mortality risk in COPD patients treated with ward-based NIV. Respir Med 2019; 151: 128-132
- 41 Bott J, Carroll MP, Conway JH. et al. Randomised controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ventilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease. Lancet 1993; 341: 1555-1557
- 42 Ambrosino N, Foglio K, Rubini F. et al. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlates for success. Thorax 1995; 50: 755-757
- 43 Meduri GU, Abou-Shala N, Fox RC. et al. Noninvasive face mask mechanical ventilation in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Chest 1991; 100: 445-454
- 44 Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. Non-invasive ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long term survival and predictors of in-hospital outcome. Thorax 2001; 56: 708-712
- 45 Miller D, Fraser K, Murray I. et al. Predicting survival following non-invasive ventilation for hypercapnic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Clin Pract 2012; 66: 434-437
- 46 Confalonieri M, Garuti G, Cattaruzza MS. et al. A chart of failure risk for noninvasive ventilation in patients with COPD exacerbation. Eur Respir J 2005; 25: 348-355
- 47 Carratù P, Bonfitto P, Dragonieri S. et al. Early and late failure of noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35: 404-409
- 48 Phua J, Kong K, Lee KH. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease vs. other conditions: effectiveness and predictors of failure. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31: 533-539
- 49 Ko BS, Ahn S, Lim KS. et al. Early failure of noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Intern Emerg Med 2015; 10: 855-860
- 50 Vallabhajosyula S, Haddad TM, Sundaragiri PR. et al. Role of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Predicting In-Hospital Outcomes in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease With Preserved Left Ventricular Function: A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis. J Intensive Care Med 2018; 33: 635-644
- 51 Wang J, Shang H, Yang X. et al. Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, PaCO2, and noninvasive mechanical ventilation failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Medicine 2019; 98: e15171
- 52 Lightowler JV, Wedzicha JA, Elliott MW. et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation to treat respiratory failure resulting from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2003; 326: 185
- 53 Kara I, Aydogdu M, Gursel G. The impact of frailty on noninvasive mechanical ventilation in elderly medical intensive care unit patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30: 683
- 54 Ankjærgaard KL, Rasmussen DB, Schwaner SH. et al. COPD: Mortality and Readmissions in Relation to Number of Admissions with Noninvasive Ventilation. COPD 2017; 14: 30-36
- 55 Søgaard M, Madsen M, Løkke A. et al. Incidence and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COPD exacerbation with and without pneumonia. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11: 455-465
- 56 Dai RX, Kong QH, Mao B. et al. The mortality risk factor of community acquired pneumonia patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18: 12
- 57 Steriade AT, Johari S, Sargarovschi N. et al. Predictors of outcome of noninvasive ventilation in severe COPD exacerbation. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19: 131
- 58 Storre JH, Steurer B, Kabitz HJ. et al. Transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring during initiation of noninvasive ventilation. Chest 2007; 132: 1810-1816
- 59 Moretti M, Cilione C, Tampieri A. et al. Incidence and causes of non-invasive mechanical ventilation failure after initial success. Thorax 2000; 55: 819-825
- 60 Davidson AC, Banham S, Elliott M. et al. BTS/ICS guideline for the ventilatory management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults. Thorax 2016; 71: ii1-35
- 61 Sellares J, Ferrer M, Anton A. et al. Discontinuing noninvasive ventilation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J 2017; 50: 1601448
- 62 Glaab T, Banik N, Trautmann M. et al. [Guideline-conformity of outpatient COPD management by pneumologists]. Pneumologie 2006; 60: 395-400
- 63 Spoletini G, Mega C, Pisani L. et al. High-flow nasal therapy vs standard oxygen during breaks off noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Crit Care 2018; 48: 418-425
- 64 Sun J, Li Y, Ling B. et al. High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus non-invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute-moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure: an observational cohort study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14: 1229-1237
- 65 Cortegiani A, Longhini F, Madotto F. et al. High flow nasal therapy versus noninvasive ventilation as initial ventilatory strategy in COPD exacerbation: a multicenter non-inferiority randomized trial. Crit Care 2020; 24: 692
- 66 Inal-Ince D, Savci S, Topeli A. et al. Active cycle of breathing techniques in non-invasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Aust J Physiother 2004; 50: 67-73
- 67 Holland AE, Denehy L, Ntoumenopoulos G. et al. Non-invasive ventilation assists chest physiotherapy in adults with acute exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2003; 58: 880-884
- 68 Chu CM, Chan VL, Lin AW. et al. Readmission rates and life threatening events in COPD survivors treated with non-invasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Thorax 2004; 59: 1020-1025
- 69 Sprooten RTM, Rohde GGU, Janssen MTHF. et al. Predictors for long-term mortality in COPD patients requiring non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for the treatment of acute respiratory failure. Clin Respir J 2020; 14: 1144-1152
- 70 Struik FM, Sprooten RT, Kerstjens HA. et al. Nocturnal non-invasive ventilation in COPD patients with prolonged hypercapnia after ventilatory support for acute respiratory failure: a randomised, controlled, parallel-group study. Thorax 2014; 69: 826-834
- 71 Murphy PB, Rehal S, Arbane G. et al. Effect of Home Noninvasive Ventilation With Oxygen Therapy vs Oxygen Therapy Alone on Hospital Readmission or Death After an Acute COPD Exacerbation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2017; 317: 2177-2186
- 72 Wilson ME, Dobler CC, Morrow AS. et al. Association of Home Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation With Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 2020; 323: 455-465
- 73 Raveling T, Vonk J, Struik FM. et al. Chronic non-invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 8: CD002878
- 74 Windisch W, Dreher M, Geiseler J. et al. [Guidelines for Non-Invasive and Invasive Home Mechanical Ventilation for Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Failure – Update 2017]. Pneumologie 2017; 71: 722-795
- 75 Vassilakopoulos T, Zakynthinos S, Roussos C. The tension-time index and the frequency/tidal volume ratio are the major pathophysiologic determinants of weaning failure and success. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 378-385
- 76 Masa JF, Janssens J-P, Borel J-C. et al. OHS: definition, diagnosis, pathophysiology and management, in: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, ERS Monograph. European Respiratory Society. 2015: 137-152
- 77 Masa JF, Pépin JL, Borel JC. et al. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28: 180097
- 78 Chebib N, Nesme P, Freymond N. et al. Acute Respiratory Failure in Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome Managed in the ICU. Respir Care 2019; 64: 1545-1554
- 79 Davidson C, Banham S, Elliott M. et al. British Thoracic Society/Intensive Care Society Guideline for the ventilatory management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults. BMJ Open Respir Res 2016; 3: e000133
- 80 Nicolini A, Ferrando M, Solidoro P. et al. Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure of patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Minerva Med 2018; 109: 1-5
- 81 Chawla R, Dixit SB, Zirpe KG. et al. ISCCM Guidelines for the Use of Non-invasive Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure in Adult ICUs. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020; 24: S61-S81
- 82 Duarte AG, Justino E, Bigler T. et al. Outcomes of morbidly obese patients requiring mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 732-737
- 83 Gursel G, Aydogdu M, Gulbas G. et al. The influence of severe obesity on non-invasive ventilation (NIV) strategies and responses in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure attacks in the ICU. Minerva Anestesiol 2011; 77: 17-25
- 84 Carrillo A, Ferrer M, Gonzalez-Diaz G. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure caused by obesity hypoventilation syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186: 1279-1285
- 85 Bry C, Jaffré S, Guyomarcʼh B. et al. Noninvasive Ventilation in Obese Subjects After Acute Respiratory Failure. Respir Care 2018; 63: 28-35
- 86 Han B, Yue L, Tian M. et al. High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) vs. non-invasive ventilation in OHS with severe pneumonia patients: A prospective study. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7: 53
- 87 Besnier E, Frat JP, Girault C. High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy: Principles and Potential Use in Obese Patients. In: Esquinas AM. Lemyze M. (eds.) Mechanical Ventilation in the Critically Ill Obese Patient. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018: 215-227
- 88 Luo F, Annane D, Orlikowski D. et al. Invasive versus non-invasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure in neuromuscular disease and chest wall disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 12: CD008380
- 89 Racca F, Vianello A, Mongini T. et al. Practical approach to respiratory emergencies in neurological diseases. Neurol Sci 2020; 41: 497-508
- 90 Niranjan V, Bach JR. Noninvasive management of pediatric neuromuscular ventilatory failure. Crit Care Med 1998; 26: 2061-2065
- 91 Bach JR, Niranjan V, Weaver B. Spinal muscular atrophy type 1: A noninvasive respiratory management approach. Chest 2000; 117: 1100-1105
- 92 Bach JR, Baird JS, Plosky D. et al. Spinal muscular atrophy type 1: management and outcomes. Pediatr Pulmonol 2002; 34: 16-22
- 93 Neumann B, Angstwurm K, Mergenthaler P. et al. Myasthenic crisis demanding mechanical ventilation: A multicenter analysis of 250 cases. Neurology 2020; 94: e299-e313
- 94 Vianello A, Arcaro G, Braccioni F. et al. Prevention of extubation failure in high-risk patients with neuromuscular disease. J Crit Care 2011; 26: 517-524
- 95 Yates K, Festa M, Gillis J. et al. Outcome of children with neuromuscular disease admitted to paediatric intensive care. Arch Dis Child 2004; 89: 170-175
- 96 Mayaux J, Lambert J, Morélot-Panzini C. et al. Survival of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients after admission to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure: an observational cohort study. J Crit Care 2019; 50: 54-58
- 97 Padman R, Lawless S, Von Nessen S. Use of BiPAP by nasal mask in the treatment of respiratory insufficiency in pediatric patients: preliminary investigation. Pediatr Pulmonol 1994; 17: 119-123
- 98 Piastra M, Antonelli M, Caresta E. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in childhood acute neuromuscular respiratory failure: a pilot study. Respiration 2006; 73: 791-798
- 99 Chen TH, Liang WC, Chen IC. et al. Combined noninvasive ventilation and mechanical insufflator-exsufflator for acute respiratory failure in patients with neuromuscular disease: effectiveness and outcome predictors. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2019; 13: 1753466619875928
- 100 Vianello A, Bevilacqua M, Arcaro G. et al. Non-invasive ventilatory approach to treatment of acute respiratory failure in neuromuscular disorders. A comparison with endotracheal intubation. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26: 384-390
- 101 Mayordomo-Colunga J, Medina A, Rey C. et al. Non invasive ventilation after extubation in paediatric patients: a preliminary study. BMC pediatrics 2010; 10: 29
- 102 Chatwin M, Toussaint M, Gonçalves MR. et al. Airway clearance techniques in neuromuscular disorders: A state of the art review. Respir Med 2018; 136: 98-110
- 103 Dorst J, Behrendt G, Ludolph AC. Non-invasive ventilation and hypercapnia-associated symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2019; 139: 128-134
- 104 Elamin EM, Wilson CS, Sriaroon C. et al. Effects of early introduction of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation based on forced vital capacity rate of change: Variation across amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical phenotypes. Int J Clin Pract 2019; 73: e13257
- 105 Berlowitz DJ, Howard ME, Fiore JF. et al. Identifying who will benefit from non-invasive ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease in a clinical cohort. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87: 280-286
- 106 Burkhardt C, Neuwirth C, Sommacal A. et al. Is survival improved by the use of NIV and PEG in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)? A post-mortem study of 80 ALS patients. PloS one 2017; 12: e0177555
- 107 Vitacca M, Montini A, Lunetta C. et al. Impact of an early respiratory care programme with non-invasive ventilation adaptation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25: 556-e33
- 108 Radunovic A, Annane D, Rafiq MK. et al. Mechanical ventilation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 10: CD004427
- 109 Boussaid G, Prigent H, Caranhac G. et al. Outcomes of Hospitalised Muscular Dystrophy Patients. J Neuromuscul Dis 2017; 4: 165-168
- 110 Mohammed MA, Castro-Codesal M, Featherstone R. et al. Outcomes of Long-Term Noninvasive Ventilation Use in Children with Neuromuscular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2022; 19: 109-119
- 111 Jeppesen J, Green A, Steffensen BF. et al. The Duchenne muscular dystrophy population in Denmark, 1977-2001: prevalence, incidence and survival in relation to the introduction of ventilator use. Neuromuscul Disord 2003; 13: 804-812
- 112 Gamez J, Salvadó M, Carmona F. et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin to prevent myasthenic crisis after thymectomy and other procedures can be omitted in patients with well-controlled myasthenia gravis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12: 1756286419864497
- 113 Munir A, Khan MI, Cheong JKC. Persistent type 2 respiratory failure on background of advanced thymoma with lung metastases. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12: e231690
- 114 Wu JY, Kuo PH, Fan PC. et al. The role of non-invasive ventilation and factors predicting extubation outcome in myasthenic crisis. Neurocrit care 2009; 10: 35-42
- 115 Seneviratne J, Mandrekar J, Wijdicks EF. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in myasthenic crisis. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 54-58
- 116 Rabinstein A, Wijdicks EF. BiPAP in acute respiratory failure due to myasthenic crisis may prevent intubation. Neurology 2002; 59: 1647-1649
- 117 Stefan MS, Nathanson BH, Lagu T. Outcomes of Noninvasive and Invasive Ventilation in Patients Hospitalized with Asthma Exacerbation. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13: 1096-1104
- 118 Miller A, VanHart DA, Gentile M. Noninvasive ventilation in life-threatening asthma: A case series. Can J Respir Ther 2017; 53: 33-36
- 119 Demoule A, Brochard L, Dres M. et al. How to ventilate obstructive and asthmatic patients. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46: 2436-2449
- 120 Pallin M, Naughton MT. Noninvasive ventilation in acute asthma. J Crit Care 2014; 29: 586-593
- 121 Lim WJ, Akram RM, Carson KV. et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute exacerbations of asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 12: CD004360
- 122 Green E, Jain P, Bernoth M. et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of asthma: A systematic review of the literature. Aust Crit Care 2017; 30: 289-297
- 123 Althoff MD, Holguin F, Yang F. et al. Noninvasive Ventilation Use in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Asthma Exacerbations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202: 1520-1530
- 124 Faverio P, De Giacomi F, Sardella L. et al. Management of acute respiratory failure in interstitial lung diseases: overview and clinical insights. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18: 70
- 125 Walterspacher S, Schlager D, Walker DJ. et al. Respiratory muscle function in interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2013; 42: 211-219
- 126 Dreher M, Ekkernkamp E, Schmoor C. et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation and noninvasive ventilation in patients with hypercapnic interstitial lung disease. Respiration 2015; 89: 208-213
- 127 Berbenetz N, Wang Y, Brown J. et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 4: CD005351
- 128 Gray A, Goodacre S, Newby DE. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 142-151
- 129 Weng CL, Zhao YT, Liu QH. et al. Meta-analysis: Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152: 590-600
- 130 Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D. Is noninvasive pressure support ventilation as effective and safe as continuous positive airway pressure in cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?. Singapore Med J 2009; 50: 595-603
- 131 McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M. et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2021; 42: 3599-3726
- 132 Moritz F, Brousse B, Gellée B. et al. Continuous positive airway pressure versus bilevel noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a randomized multicenter trial. Ann Emerg Med 2007; 50: 666-675
- 133 Nouira S, Boukef R, Bouida W. et al. Non-invasive pressure support ventilation and CPAP in cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a multicenter randomized study in the emergency department. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37: 249-256
- 134 Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E. et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Rev Esp Cardiol 2021; 74: 544
- 135 Ho KM, Wong K. A comparison of continuous and bi-level positive airway pressure non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a meta-analysis. Crit Care 2006; 10: R49
- 136 Viale JP, Annat GJ, Bouffard YM. et al. Oxygen cost of breathing in postoperative patients. Pressure support ventilation vs continuous positive airway pressure. Chest 1988; 93: 506-509
- 137 Köhler D, Pfeifer M, Criée C. [Pathophysiological basis of mechanical ventilation]. Pneumologie 2006; 60: 100-110
- 138 Chadda K, Annane D, Hart N. et al. Cardiac and respiratory effects of continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiac pulmonary edema. Crit Care Med 2002; 30: 2457-2461
- 139 Winck JC, Azevedo LF, Costa-Pereira A. et al. Efficacy and safety of non-invasive ventilation in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 2006; 10: R69
- 140 Chu DK, Kim LH, Young PJ. et al. Mortality and morbidity in acutely ill adults treated with liberal versus conservative oxygen therapy (IOTA): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2018; 391: 1693-1705
- 141 Lewis SR, Baker PE, Parker R. et al. High-flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 3: CD010172
- 142 Ferreyro BL, Angriman F, Munshi L. et al. Association of Noninvasive Oxygenation Strategies With All-Cause Mortality in Adults With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 2020; 324: 57-67
- 143 Chaudhuri D, Jinah R, Burns KEA. et al. Helmet noninvasive ventilation compared to facemask noninvasive ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula in acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2022; 59: 2101269
- 144 Grieco DL, Maggiore SM, Roca O. et al. Non-invasive ventilatory support and high-flow nasal oxygen as first-line treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and ARDS. Intensive Care Med 2021; 47: 851-866
- 145 Frat JP, Thille AW, Mercat A. et al. High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 2185-2196
- 146 Hilbert G, Gruson D, Vargas F. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates, fever, and acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 481-487
- 147 Antonelli M, Conti G, Bufi M. et al. Noninvasive ventilation for treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation: a randomized trial. JAMA 2000; 283: 235-241
- 148 Dumas G, Lemiale V, Rathi N. et al. Survival in Immunocompromised Patients Ultimately Requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Pooled Individual Patient Data Analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204: 187-196
- 149 Mokart D, Darmon M, Resche-Rigon M. et al. Prognosis of neutropenic patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 2015; 41: 296-303
- 150 Demoule A, Girou E, Richard JC. et al. Benefits and risks of success or failure of noninvasive ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32: 1756-1765
- 151 Adda M, Coquet I, Darmon M. et al. Predictors of noninvasive ventilation failure in patients with hematologic malignancy and acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 2008; 36: 2766-2772
- 152 Neuschwander A, Lemiale V, Darmon M. et al. Noninvasive ventilation during acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with cancer: Trends in use and outcome. J Crit Care 2017; 38: 295-299
- 153 Cortegiani A, Madotto F, Gregoretti C. et al. Immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE database. Crit Care 2018; 22: 157
- 154 Rathi NK, Haque SA, Nates R. et al. Noninvasivepositive pressure ventilation vsinvasive mechanical ventilation as first-line therapy for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in cancer patients. J Crit Care 2017; 39: 56-61
- 155 Coudroy R, Pham T, Boissier F. et al. Is immunosuppression status a risk factor for noninvasive ventilation failure in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure? A post hoc matched analysis. Ann Intensive Care 2019; 9: 90
- 156 Lemiale V, Mokart D, Resche-Rigon M. et al. Effect of Noninvasive Ventilation vs Oxygen Therapy on Mortality Among Immunocompromised Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2015; 314: 1711-1719
- 157 Azoulay E, Pickkers P, Soares M. et al. Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients: the Efraim multinational prospective cohort study. Intensive Care Med 2017; 43: 1808-1819
- 158 Lemiale V, Resche-Rigon M, Mokart D. et al. Acute respiratory failure in patients with hematological malignancies: outcomes according to initial ventilation strategy. A groupe de recherche respiratoire en réanimation onco-hématologique (Grrr-OH) study. Ann Intensive Care 2015; 5: 28
- 159 Frat JP, Ragot S, Girault C. et al. Effect of non-invasive oxygenation strategies in immunocompromised patients with severe acute respiratory failure: a post-hoc analysis of a randomised trial. Lancet Respir Med 2016; 4: 646-652
- 160 Zayed Y, Banifadel M, Barbarawi M. et al. Noninvasive Oxygenation Strategies in Immunocompromised Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Pairwise and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Intensive Care Med 2020; 35: 1216-1225
- 161 Dumas G, Chevret S, Lemiale V. et al. Oxygenation/non-invasive ventilation strategy and risk for intubation in immunocompromised patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. Oncotarget 2018; 9: 33682-33693
- 162 Schnell D, Lemiale V, Azoulay É. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in hematology patients: let\ʼs agree on several things first. Crit Care 2012; 16: 175
- 163 Barreto LM, Ravetti CG, Athaíde TB. et al. Factors associated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation failure in patients with hematological neoplasia and their association with outcomes. J Intensive Care 2020; 8: 68
- 164 Lemiale V, De Jong A, Dumas G. et al. Oxygenation Strategy During Acute Respiratory Failure in Critically-Ill Immunocompromised Patients. Crit Care Med 2020; 48: e768-e775
- 165 Nava S, Ferrer M, Esquinas A. et al. Palliative use of non-invasive ventilation in end-of-life patients with solid tumours: a randomised feasibility trial. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14: 219-227
- 166 Carrillo A, Gonzalez-Diaz G, Ferrer M. et al. Non-invasive ventilation in community-acquired pneumonia and severe acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38: 458-466
- 167 Carron M, Freo U, Zorzi M. et al. Predictors of failure of noninvasive ventilation in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. J Crit Care 2010; 25: 540.e9-14
- 168 Çiftci F, Çiledağ A, Erol S. et al. Non-invasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in older patients. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 2017; 129: 680-686
- 169 Domenighetti G, Gayer R, Gentilini R. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation in non-COPD patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema and severe community-acquired pneumonia: acute effects and outcome. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1226-1232
- 170 Murad A, Li PZ, Dial S. et al. The role of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in community-acquired pneumonia. J Crit Care 2015; 30: 49-54
- 171 Nicolini A, Piroddi IM, Barlascini C. et al. Predictors of non-invasive ventilation failure in severe respiratory failure due to community acquired pneumonia. Tanaffos 2014; 13: 20-28
- 172 Nicolini A, Ferraioli G, Ferrari-Bravo M. et al. Early non-invasive ventilation treatment for respiratory failure due to severe community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Respir J 2016; 10: 98-103
- 173 Al-Rajhi A, Murad A, Li PZ. et al. Outcomes and predictors of failure of non-invasive ventilation in patients with community acquired pneumonia in the ED. Am J Emerg Med 2018; 36: 347-351
- 174 Jolliet P, Abajo B, Pasquina P. et al. Non-invasive pressure support ventilation in severe community- acquired pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27: 812-821
- 175 Carron M, Freo U, Zorzi M. et al. Predictors of failure of noninvasive ventilation in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. J Crit Care 2010; 25: 540.e9-14
- 176 Cosentini R, Brambilla AM, Aliberti S. et al. Helmet continuous positive airway pressure vs oxygen therapy to improve oxygenation in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, controlled trial. Chest 2010; 138: 114-120
- 177 Brambilla AM, Aliberti S, Prina E. et al. Helmet CPAP vs. oxygen therapy in severe hypoxemic respiratory failure due to pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2014; 40: 942-949
- 178 Confalonieri M, Calderini E, Terraciano S. et al. Noninvasive ventilation for treating acute respiratory failure in AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1233-1238
- 179 Ferrer M, Esquinas A, Leon M. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in severe hypoxemic respiratory failure: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168: 1438-1444
- 180 Confalonieri M, Potena A, Carbone G. et al. Acute respiratory failure in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. A prospective randomized evaluation of noninvasive ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 1585-1591
- 181 He H, Sun B, Liang L. et al. A multicenter RCT of noninvasive ventilation in pneumonia-induced early mild acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 2019; 23: 300
- 182 Linton DM, Potgieter PD. Conservative management of blunt chest trauma. S Afr Med J 1982; 61: 917-919
- 183 Udekwu P, Patel S, Farrell M. et al. Favorable Outcomes in Blunt Chest Injury with Noninvasive Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation. Am Surg 2017; 83: 687-695
- 184 Hurst JM, DeHaven CB, Branson RD. Use of CPAP mask as the sole mode of ventilatory support in trauma patients with mild to moderate respiratory insufficiency. J Trauma 1985; 25: 1065-1068
- 185 Gregoretti C, Beltrame F, Lucangelo U. et al. Physiologic evaluation of non-invasive pressure support ventilation in trauma patients with acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 1998; 24: 785-790
- 186 Xirouchaki N, Kondoudaki E, Anastasaki M. et al. Noninvasive bilevel positive pressure ventilation in patients with blunt thoracic trauma. Respiration 2005; 72: 517-522
- 187 Bolliger CT, Van Eeden SF. Treatment of multiple rib fractures. Randomized controlled trial comparing ventilatory with nonventilatory management. Chest 1990; 97: 943-948
- 188 Gunduz M, Unlugenc H, Ozalevli M. et al. A comparative study of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in patients with flail chest. Emerg Med J 2005; 22: 325-329
- 189 Hernandez G, Fernandez R, Lopez-Reina P. et al. Noninvasive ventilation reduces intubation in chest trauma-related hypoxemia: a randomized clinical trial. Chest 2010; 137: 74-80
- 190 Vidhani K, Kause J, Parr M. Should we follow ATLS guidelines for the management of traumatic pulmonary contusion: the role of non-invasive ventilatory support. Resuscitation 2002; 52: 265-268
- 191 Gannon WD, Lederer DJ, Biscotti M. et al. Outcomes and Mortality Prediction Model of Critically Ill Adults With Acute Respiratory Failure and Interstitial Lung Disease. Chest 2018; 153: 1387-1395
- 192 Smith RA, Sathananthan M, Kaur P. et al. The characteristics and outcomes of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis admitted to the ICU with acute respiratory failure. Heart Lung 2021; 50: 192-196
- 193 Luo Z, Yang L, Liu S. Mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis versus connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: Effectiveness and risk factors for death. Clin Respir J 2020; 14: 918-932
- 194 Martin MJ, Moua T. Mechanical Ventilation and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Cohort Analysis Through the Paradigm of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Crit Care Med 2020; 48: 993-1000
- 195 Zafrani L, Lemiale V, Lapidus N. et al. Acute respiratory failure in critically ill patients with interstitial lung disease. PloS one 2014; 9: e104897
- 196 Zhan Q, Sun B, Liang L. et al. Early use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute lung injury: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med 2012; 40: 455-460
- 197 Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T. et al. Noninvasive Ventilation of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Insights from the LUNG SAFE Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195: 67-77
- 198 Patel BK, Wolfe KS, Pohlman AS. et al. Effect of Noninvasive Ventilation Delivered by Helmet vs Face Mask on the Rate of Endotracheal Intubation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2016; 315: 2435-2441
- 199 Perkins GD, Ji C, Connolly BA. et al. Effect of Noninvasive Respiratory Strategies on Intubation or Mortality Among Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and COVID-19: The RECOVERY-RS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2022; 327: 546-558
- 200 Kluge S, Janssens U, Welte T. et al. S3-Leitlinie – Empfehlungen zur stationären Therapie von Patienten mit COVID-19. AWMF-Register-Nr. 113/001. 2022 https://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/113-001LG.html
- 201 Shu W, Guo S, Yang F. et al. Association between ARDS Etiology and Risk of Noninvasive Ventilation Failure. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2022; 19: 255-263
- 202 Sakuraya M, Okano H, Masuyama T. et al. Efficacy of non-invasive and invasive respiratory management strategies in adult patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Crit Care 2021; 25: 414
- 203 Fong KM, Au SY, Ng GWY. Preoxygenation before intubation in adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a network meta-analysis of randomized trials. Crit Care 2019; 23: 319
- 204 Burns KEA, Raptis S, Nisenbaum R. et al. International Practice Variation in Weaning Critically Ill Adults from Invasive Mechanical Ventilation. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 15: 494-502
- 205 Yang KL, Tobin MJ. A prospective study of indexes predicting the outcome of trials of weaning from mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1445-1450
- 206 Schönhofer B, Geiseler J, Dellweg D. et al. [Prolonged Weaning – S2k-Guideline Published by the German Respiratory Society]. Pneumologie 2019; 73: 723-814
- 207 Ni YN, Wang T, Yu H. et al. The effect of sedation and/or analgesia as rescue treatment during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the patients with Interface intolerance after Extubation. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17: 125
- 208 Duan J, Han X, Huang S. et al. Noninvasive ventilation for avoidance of reintubation in patients with various cough strength. Crit Care 2016; 20: 316
- 209 Lemaire F. Difficult weaning. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19: S69-S73
- 210 Udwadia ZF, Santis GK, Steven MH. et al. Nasal ventilation to facilitate weaning in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. Thorax 1992; 47: 715-718
- 211 Goodenberger DM, Couser JI, May JJ. Successful discontinuation of ventilation via tracheostomy by substitution of nasal positive pressure ventilation. Chest 1992; 102: 1277-1279
- 212 Restrick LJ, Scott AD, Ward EM. et al. Nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation in weaning intubated patients with chronic respiratory disease from assisted intermittent, positive-pressure ventilation. Respir Med 1993; 87: 199-204
- 213 Girault C, Bubenheim M, Abroug F. et al. Non-invasive Ventilation and Weaning in Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure Patients: A Randomized Multicenter Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184: 672-679
- 214 Burns KE, Adhikari NK, Keenan SP. et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation as a weaning strategy for intubated adults with respiratory failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 8: CD004127
- 215 Trevisan CE, Vieira SR. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation may be useful in treating patients who fail weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation: a randomized clinical trial. Crit Care 2008; 12: R51
- 216 Ferrer M, Sellarés J, Valencia M. et al. Non-invasive ventilation after extubation in hypercapnic patients with chronic respiratory disorders: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 374: 1082-1088
- 217 Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D. et al. Role of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in postextubation respiratory failure: a meta-analysis. Respir Care 2007; 52: 1472-1479
- 218 Kilger E, Briegel J, Haller M. et al. Effects of noninvasive positive pressure ventilatory support in non-COPD patients with acute respiratory insufficiency after early extubation. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25: 1374-1380
- 219 Vaschetto R, Longhini F, Persona P. et al. Early extubation followed by immediate noninvasive ventilation vs. standard extubation in hypoxemic patients: a randomized clinical trial. Intensive Care Med 2019; 45: 62-71
- 220 Perkins GD, Mistry D, Gates S. et al. Effect of Protocolized Weaning With Early Extubation to Noninvasive Ventilation vs Invasive Weaning on Time to Liberation From Mechanical Ventilation Among Patients With Respiratory Failure: The Breathe Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2018; 320: 1881-1888
- 221 Kudela A, Millereux M, Gouezel C. et al. Effect of Noninvasive Ventilation After Unplanned Extubation. Respir Care 2019; 64: 248-254
- 222 Epstein SK, Ciubotaru RL, Wong JB. Effect of failed extubation on the outcome of mechanical ventilation. Chest 1997; 112: 186-192
- 223 Epstein SK, Ciubotaru RL. Independent effects of etiology of failure and time to reintubation on outcome for patients failing extubation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 489-493
- 224 Lindberg P, Gunnarsson L, Tokics L. et al. Atelectasis and lung function in the postoperative period. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1992; 36: 546-553
- 225 Kulkarni AP, Agarwal V. Extubation failure in intensive care unit: predictors and management. Indian J Crit Care Med 2008; 12: 1-9
- 226 Tusman G, Böhm SH, Warner DO. et al. Atelectasis and perioperative pulmonary complications in high-risk patients. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2012; 25: 1-10
- 227 Jiang JS, Kao SJ, Wang SN. Effect of early application of biphasic positive airway pressure on the outcome of extubation in ventilator weaning. Respirology 1999; 4: 161-165
- 228 Khilnani GC, Galle AD, Hadda V. et al. Non-invasive ventilation after extubation in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesth Intensive Care 2011; 39: 217-223
- 229 Nava S, Gregoretti C, Fanfulla F. et al. Noninvasive ventilation to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 2465-2470
- 230 Hilbert G, Gruson D, Portel L. et al. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation in COPD patients with postextubation hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency. Eur Respir J 1998; 11: 1349-1353
- 231 Ferrer M, Valencia M, Nicolas JM. et al. Early noninvasive ventilation averts extubation failure in patients at risk: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173: 164-170
- 232 El-Solh AA, Aquilina A, Pineda L. et al. Noninvasive ventilation for prevention of post-extubation respiratory failure in obese patients. Eur Respir J 2006; 28: 588-595
- 233 Schönhofer B, Euteneuer S, Nava S. et al. Survival of mechanically ventilated patients admitted to a specialised weaning centre. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 908-916
- 234 Pilcher DV, Bailey MJ, Treacher DF. et al. Outcomes, cost and long term survival of patients referred to a regional weaning centre. Thorax 2005; 60: 187-192
- 235 Vargas F, Clavel M, Sanchez-Verlan P. et al. Intermittent noninvasive ventilation after extubation in patients with chronic respiratory disorders: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (VHYPER). Intensive Care Med 2017; 43: 1626-1636
- 236 Zarbock A, Mueller E, Netzer S. et al. Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airway pressure following cardiac surgery protects from postoperative pulmonary complications: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in 500 patients. Chest 2009; 135: 1252-1259
- 237 Keenan SP, Powers C, McCormack DG. et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for postextubation respiratory distress: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 287: 3238-3244
- 238 Esteban A, Frutos-Vivar F, Ferguson ND. et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for respiratory failure after extubation. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2452-2460
- 239 Rosenblüh J, Schönhofer B, Kemper P. Bedeutung von Platzhaltern tracheotomierter Patienten während der Entwöhnungsphase nach Langzeitbeatmung. Med Klin 1994; 89: 61-63
- 240 Quinnell TG, Pilsworth S, Shneerson JM. et al. Prolonged invasive ventilation following acute ventilatory failure in COPD: weaning results, survival, and the role of noninvasive ventilation. Chest 2006; 129: 133-139
- 241 Davies MG, Quinnell TG, Oscroft NS. et al. Hospital outcomes and long-term survival after referral to a specialized weaning unit. Br J Anaesth 2017; 118: 563-569
- 242 Bonnici DM, Sanctuary T, Warren A. et al. Prospective observational cohort study of patients with weaning failure admitted to a specialist weaning, rehabilitation and home mechanical ventilation centre. BMJ open 2016; 6: e010025
- 243 Windisch W, Dellweg D, Geiseler J. et al. Prolongiertes Weaning von der invasiven Beatmung. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2020; 117: 197-204
- 244 Reddy VG, Nair MP, Bataclan F. Role of non-invasive ventilation in difficult-to-wean children with acute neuromuscular disease. Singapore Med J 2004; 45: 232-234
- 245 Bach JR, Goncalves M. Ventilator weaning by lung expansion and decannulation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 83: 560-568
- 246 Lin MC, Liaw MY, Huang CC. et al. Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis – a rare cause of acute respiratory failure managed with nasal mask bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 1922-1924
- 247 Bach JR, Gonçalves MR, Hamdani I. et al. Extubation of patients with neuromuscular weakness: a new management paradigm. Chest 2010; 137: 1033-1039
- 248 Gottlieb J, Capetian P, Hamsen U. et al. S3 Leitlinie: Sauerstoff in der Akuttherapie beim Erwachsenen. AWMF-Registernummer: 020-021. www.awmf.org/leitlinien
- 249 Haidl P, Jany B, Geiseler J. et al. [Guideline for Long-Term Oxygen Therapy – S2k-Guideline Published by the German Respiratory Society]. Pneumologie 2020; 74: 813-841
- 250 Anonymus S3-Leitlinie Invasive Beatmung und Einsatz extrakorporaler Verfahren bei akuter respiratorischer Insuffizienz. AWMF Leitlinien-Register Nr. 001/021. www.awmf.org/leitlinien
- 251 Di Mussi R, Spadaro S, Stripoli T. et al. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy decreases postextubation neuroventilatory drive and work of breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit Care 2018; 22: 180
- 252 Hernández G, Vaquero C, González P. et al. Effect of Postextubation High-Flow Nasal Cannula vs Conventional Oxygen Therapy on Reintubation in Low-Risk Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2016; 315: 1354-1361
- 253 Shang X, Wang Y. Comparison of outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with hypoxemia and various APACHE II scores after extubation. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2021 15. 17534666211004235
- 254 Hernández G, Vaquero C, Colinas L. et al. Effect of Postextubation High-Flow Nasal Cannula vs Noninvasive Ventilation on Reintubation and Postextubation Respiratory Failure in High-Risk Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2016; 316: 1565-1574
- 255 Jing G, Li J, Hao D. et al. Comparison of high flow nasal cannula with noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with hypercapnia in preventing postextubation respiratory failure: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Res Nurs Health 2019; 42: 217-225
- 256 Tan D, Walline JH, Ling B. et al. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus non-invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients after extubation: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Crit Care 2020; 24: 489
- 257 Yoo JW, Synn A, Huh JW. et al. Clinical efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula compared to noninvasive ventilation in patients with post-extubation respiratory failure. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31: 82-88
- 258 Xu SX, Wu CS, Liu SY. et al. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation for preventing extubation failure during weaning from mechanical ventilation assessed by lung ultrasound score: A single-center randomized study. World J Emerg Med 2021; 12: 274-280
- 259 Thille AW, Muller G, Gacouin A. et al. Effect of Postextubation High-Flow Nasal Oxygen With Noninvasive Ventilation vs High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Alone on Reintubation Among Patients at High Risk of Extubation Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019; 322: 1465-1475
- 260 Thille AW, Monseau G, Coudroy R. et al. Non-invasive ventilation versus high-flow nasal oxygen for postextubation respiratory failure in ICU: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Crit Care 2021; 25: 221
- 261 Thille AW, Coudroy R, Nay MA. et al. Beneficial Effects of Noninvasive Ventilation after Extubation in Obese or Overweight Patients: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205: 440-449
- 262 Corley A, Rickard CM, Aitken LM. et al. High-flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 5: CD010172
- 263 Wahba RW. Perioperative functional residual capacity. Can J Anaesth 1991; 38: 384-400
- 264 Hedenstierna G. Alveolar collapse and closure of airways: regular effects of anaesthesia. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2003; 23: 123-129
- 265 Smetana GW. Preoperative pulmonary evaluation. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 937-944
- 266 Stock MC, Downs JB, Gauer PK. et al. Prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications with CPAP, incentive spirometry, and conservative therapy. Chest 1985; 87: 151-157
- 267 Kindgen-Milles D, Buhl R, Gabriel A. et al. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure: A method to avoid endotracheal reintubation in postoperative high-risk patients with severe nonhypercapnic oxygenation failure. Chest 2000; 117: 1106-1111
- 268 Ward DS, Karan S. Effects of pain and arousal on the control of breathing. J Anesth 2002; 16: 216-221
- 269 Cabrini L, Nobile L, Plumari VP. et al. Intraoperative prophylactic and therapeutic non-invasive ventilation: a systematic review. Br J Anaesth 2014; 112: 638-647
- 270 Battisti A, Michotte JB, Tassaux D. et al. Non-invasive ventilation in the recovery room for postoperative respiratory failure: a feasibility study. Swiss Med Wkly 2005; 135: 339-343
- 271 Kindgen-Milles D, Buhl R, Loer SA. et al. Nasal CPAP therapy: effects of different CPAP levels on pressure transmission into the trachea and pulmonary oxygen transfer. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002; 46: 860-865
- 272 Rocco M, Conti G, Antonelli M. et al. Non-invasive pressure support ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure after bilateral lung transplantation. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27: 1622-1626
- 273 Ampatzidou F, Boutou AK, Karagounis L. et al. Noninvasive Ventilation to Treat Respiratory Failure After Cardiac Surgery: Predictors of Application and Outcome. Respir Care 2019; 64: 1123-1131
- 274 Okada S, Ito K, Shimada J. et al. Clinical application of postoperative non-invasive positive pressure ventilation after lung cancer surgery. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 66: 565-572
- 275 Aguiló R, Togores B, Pons S. et al. Noninvasive ventilatory support after lung resectional surgery. Chest 1997; 112: 117-121
- 276 Kindgen-Milles D, Müller E, Buhl R. et al. Nasal-continuous positive airway pressure reduces pulmonary morbidity and length of hospital stay following thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Chest 2005; 128: 821-828
- 277 Matte P, Jacquet L, Van Dyck M. et al. Effects of conventional physiotherapy, continuous positive airway pressure and non-invasive ventilatory support with bilevel positive airway pressure after coronary artery bypass grafting. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2000; 44: 75-81
- 278 Squadrone V, Coha M, Cerutti E. et al. Continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of postoperative hypoxemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005; 293: 589-595
- 279 Pasquina P, Merlani P, Granier JM. et al. Continuous positive airway pressure versus noninvasive pressure support ventilation to treat atelectasis after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2004; 99: 1001-1008
- 280 Nasrala MLS, Bolzan DW, Lage YG. et al. Extended-time of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Improves Tissue Perfusion after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 33: 250-257
- 281 de Araújo-Filho AA, de Cerqueira-Neto ML, de Assis Pereira Cacau L. et al. Effect of prophylactic non-invasive mechanical ventilation on functional capacity after heart valve replacement: a clinical trial. Clinics 2017; 72: 618-623
- 282 Cordeiro ALL, Gruska CA, Ysla P. et al. Effect of Different Levels of Peep on Oxygenation during Non-Invasive Ventilation in Patients Submitted to CABG Surgery: Randomized Clinical Trial. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 32: 295-300
- 283 Matte P, Jacquet L, Van Dyck M. et al. Effects of conventional physiotherapy, continuous positive airway pressure and non-invasive ventilatory support with bilevel positive airway pressure after coronary artery bypass grafting. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2000; 44: 75-81
- 284 Kiil C, Rosenberg J. Hemodynamic effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure after abdominal surgery. J Anesth 2003; 17: 136-138
- 285 Hamid M, Akhtar MI, Ahmed S. Immediate changes in hemodynamics and gas exchange after initiation of noninvasive ventilation in cardiac surgical patients. Ann Card Anaesth 2020; 23: 59-64
- 286 Celebi S, Köner O, Menda F. et al. Pulmonary effects of noninvasive ventilation combined with the recruitment maneuver after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2008; 107: 614-619
- 287 Kilger E, Möhnle P, Nassau K. et al. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery. Heart Surg Forum 2010; 13: E91-95
- 288 Wallet F, Schoeffler M, Reynaud M. et al. Factors associated with noninvasive ventilation failure in postoperative acute respiratory insufficiency: an observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2010; 27: 270-274
- 289 Pessoa KC, Araújo GF, Pinheiro AN. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in the immediate postoperative of gastrojejunal derivation with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Rev Bras Fisioter 2010; 14: 290-295
- 290 Neligan PJ, Malhotra G, Fraser M. et al. Continuous positive airway pressure via the Boussignac system immediately after extubation improves lung function in morbidly obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Anesthesiology 2009; 110: 878-884
- 291 Guimarães J, Pinho D, Nunes CS. et al. Effect of Boussignac continuous positive airway pressure ventilation on Pao2 and Pao2/Fio2 ratio immediately after extubation in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Anesth 2016; 34: 562-570
- 292 Stefan MS, Hill NS, Raghunathan K. et al. Outcomes Associated with Early Postoperative Noninvasive Ventilation in Bariatric Surgical Patients with Sleep Apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12: 1507-1516
- 293 Rocca GD, Coccia C, Costa GM. et al. Is very early extubation after lung transplantation feasible?. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2003; 17: 29-35
- 294 Leone M, Einav S, Chiumello D. et al. Noninvasive respiratory support in the hypoxaemic peri-operative/periprocedural patient: a joint ESA/ESICM guideline. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46: 697-713
- 295 PRISM trial group. Postoperative continuous positive airway pressure to prevent pneumonia, re-intubation, and death after major abdominal surgery (PRISM): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med 2021; 9: 1221-1230
- 296 Cavalcanti MGO, Andrade LB, Santos PCPD. et al. Non-Invasive Preventive Ventilation with Two Pressure Levels in the Postoperative Period of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass: Randomized Trial. Arq Bras Cir Dig 2018; 31: e1361
- 297 Tong S, Gower J, Morgan A. et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the immediate post-bariatric surgery care of patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13: 1227-1233
- 298 Antonelli M, Conti G, Riccioni L. et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation via face mask during bronchoscopy with BAL in high-risk hypoxemic patients. Chest 1996; 110: 724-728
- 299 Antonelli M, Pennisi MA, Conti G. et al. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation delivered by helmet. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29: 126-129
- 300 Da Conceiçao M, Genco G, Favier JC. et al. [Fiberoptic bronchoscopy during noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease with hypoxemia and hypercapnia]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2000; 19: 231-236
- 301 Trachsel D, Erb TO, Frei FJ. et al. Use of continuous positive airway pressure during flexible bronchoscopy in young children. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 773-777
- 302 Vevecka A, Schwab C, Forkmann M. et al. Predictive Factors and Safety of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in Combination With Propofol Deep Sedation in Left Atrial Ablation Procedures. Am J Cardiol 2019; 124: 233-238
- 303 Zangrillo A, Mazzone P, Votta CD. et al. Prolonged transesophageal echocardiography during percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage without general anesthesia: the utility of the Janus mask. Can J Anaesth 2016; 63: 962-965
- 304 Zangrillo A, Mazzone P, Oriani A. et al. Noninvasive ventilation during left atrial appendage closure under sedation: Preliminary experience with the Janus Mask. Ann Card Anaesth 2019; 22: 400-406
- 305 Gedeon M, Gomes S, Roy K. et al. Use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with severe obesity undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a randomized controlled trial. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019; 15: 1589-1594
- 306 Bordes J, Goutorbe P, Cungi PJ. et al. Noninvasive ventilation during spontaneous breathing anesthesia: an observational study using electrical impedance tomography. J Clin Anesth 2016; 34: 420-426
- 307 Boitano LJ, Jordan T, Benditt JO. Noninvasive ventilation allows gastrostomy tube placement in patients with advanced ALS. Neurology 2001; 56: 413-414
- 308 Birnkrant DJ, Ferguson RD, Martin JE. et al. Noninvasive ventilation during gastrostomy tube placement in patients with severe duchenne muscular dystrophy: case reports and review of the literature. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006; 41: 188-193
- 309 Park JH, Kang SW. Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on noninvasive ventilation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009; 90: 1026-1029
- 310 Sancho J, Servera E, Chiner E. et al. Noninvasive respiratory muscle aids during PEG placement in ALS patients with severe ventilatory impairment. J Neurol Sci 2010; 297: 55-59
- 311 Beccaria P, Votta CD, Lucchetta L. et al. Two Different Endoscopic Procedures Made Feasible by the Janus Mask in a High-Risk Patient. Indian J Crit Care Med 2017; 21: 613-615
- 312 Shen JJ, Ko E, Kim P. et al. Life-Sustaining Procedures, Palliative Care Consultation, and Do-Not Resuscitate Status in Dying Patients With COPD in US Hospitals: 2010–2014. J Palliat Care 2018; 33: 159-166
- 313 Butler SJ, Ellerton L, Gershon AS. et al. Comparison of end-of-life care in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or lung cancer: A systematic review. Palliat Med 2020; 34: 1030-1043
- 314 Lloyd CB, Nietert PJ, Silvestri GA. Intensive care decision making in the seriously ill and elderly. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 649-654
- 315 Erweiterte S3-Leitlinie Palliativmedizin für Patienten mit einer nicht-heilbaren Krebserkrankung Langversion 2.2 – 2020 AWMF-Registernummer: 128/001OL. S3-Leitlinie Palliativmedizin. awmf.org.
- 316 Hawley PH. The bow tie model of 21st century palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage 2014; 47: e2-5
- 317 Creagh-Brown B, Shee C. Noninvasive ventilation as ceiling of therapy in end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chron Respir Dis 2008; 5: 143-148
- 318 Ambrosino N, Guarracino F. Unusual applications of noninvasive ventilation. Eur Respir J 2011; 38: 440-449
- 319 Fu Y, Mason A, Boland AC. et al. Palliative Care Needs and Integration of Palliative Care Support in COPD: A Qualitative Study. Chest 2021; 159: 2222-2232
- 320 Mahler DA, Selecky PA, Harrod CG. Management of dyspnea in patients with advanced lung or heart disease: practical guidance from the American college of chest physicians consensus statement. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2010; 120: 160-166
- 321 Nava S, Sturani C, Hartl S. et al. End-of-life decision-making in respiratory intermediate care units: a European survey. Eur Respir J 2007; 30: 156-164
- 322 Sinuff T, Cook DJ, Keenan SP. et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure near the end of life. Crit Care Med 2008; 36: 789-794
- 323 Azoulay E, Demoule A, Jaber S. et al. Palliative noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37: 1250-1257
- 324 Hui D, Morgado M, Chisholm G. et al. High-flow oxygen and bilevel positive airway pressure for persistent dyspnea in patients with advanced cancer: a phase II randomized trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013; 46: 463-473
- 325 Vargas N, Tibullo L, Landi E. et al. Caring for critically ill oldest old patients: a clinical review. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29: 833-845
- 326 Pisani L, Hill NS, Pacilli AMG. et al. Management of Dyspnea in the Terminally Ill. Chest 2018; 154: 925-934
- 327 Ruangsomboon O, Dorongthom T, Chakorn T. et al. High-Flow Nasal Cannula Versus Conventional Oxygen Therapy in Relieving Dyspnea in Emergency Palliative Patients With Do-Not-Intubate Status: A Randomized Crossover Study. Ann Emerg Med 2020; 75: 615-626
- 328 Scala R, Ciarleglio G, Maccari U. et al. Ventilator Support and Oxygen Therapy in Palliative and End-of-Life Care in the Elderly. Turk Thorac J 2020; 21: 54-60
- 329 Nehls W, Delis S, Haberland B. et al. Therapie von PatientInnen mit COVID-19. Handlungsempfehlung aus palliativmedizinischer Perspektive. Pneumologie 2020; 74: 652-659
- 330 Stieglitz S, Frohnhofen H, Netzer N. et al. Stellungnahme der AG pneumologische Altersmedizin zu COVID-19 bei geriatrischen Patienten. Pneumologie 2020; 74: 505-508
- 331 Bundesärztekammer. Grundsätze der Bundesärztekammer zur ärztlichen Sterbebegleitung. Dt Ärzteblatt 2011; 108: A346-A348
- 332 Curtis JR, Cook DJ, Sinuff T. et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in critical and palliative care settings: understanding the goals of therapy. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 932-939
- 333 Levy M, Tanios MA, Nelson D. et al. Outcomes of patients with do-not-intubate orders treated with noninvasive ventilation. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 2002-200
- 334 Schettino G, Altobelli N, Kacmarek RM. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation reverses acute respiratory failure in select “do-not-intubate” patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 1976-1982
- 335 Scarpazza P, Incorvaia C, di Franco G. et al. Effect of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in elderly patients with hypercapnic acute-on-chronic respiratory failure and a do-not-intubate order. Intern J COPD 2008; 3: 797-801
- 336 Ferreira JC, Medeiros P, Rego FM. et al. Risk factors for noninvasive ventilation failure in cancer patients in the intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study. J Crit Care 2015; 30: 1003-1007
- 337 Chen WC, Su VY, Yu WK. et al. Prognostic factors of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in lung cancer patients with acute respiratory failure. PloS one 2018; 13: e0191204
- 338 Mollica C, Paone G, Conti V. et al. Mechanical ventilation in patients with end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respiration 2010; 79: 209-215
- 339 Koyauchi T, Hasegawa H, Kanata K. et al. Efficacy and Tolerability of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy for Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease with Do-Not-Intubate Orders: A Retrospective Single-Center Study. Respiration 2018; 96: 323-329
- 340 Corral-Gudino L, Jorge-Sánchez RJ, García-Aparicio J. et al. Use of noninvasive ventilation on internal wards for elderly patients with limitations to respiratory care: a cohort study. Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41: 59-69
- 341 Azoulay E, Kouatchet A, Jaber S. et al. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in patients having declined tracheal intubation. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39: 292-301
- 342 Chandra D, Stamm JA, Taylor B. et al. Outcomes of noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United States, 1998-2008. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185: 152-159
- 343 Bülow HH, Thorsager B. Non-invasive ventilation in do-not-intubate patients: five-year follow-up on a two-year prospective, consecutive cohort study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009; 53: 1153-1157
- 344 Lemyze M, De Palleja G, Guiot A. et al. Outcome of Frail Do-Not-Intubate Subjects With End-Stage Chronic Respiratory Failure and Their Opinion of Noninvasive Ventilation to Reverse Hypercapnic Coma. Respir Care 2019; 64: 1023-1030
- 345 Ngandu H, Gale N, Hopkinson JB. Experiences of noninvasive ventilation in adults with hypercapnic respiratory failure: a review of evidence. Eur Respir Rev 2016; 25: 451-471
- 346 Neitzke G, Böll B, Burchardi H. et al. [Documentation of decisions to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining therapies : Recommendation of the Ethics Section of the German Interdisciplinary Association of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine (DIVI) in collaboration with the Ethics Section of the German Society for Medical Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (DGIIN)]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2017; 112: 527-530
- 347 Bakke SA, Botker MT, Riddervold IS. et al. Continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation in prehospital treatment of patients with acute respiratory failure: a systematic review of controlled studies. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2014; 22: 69
- 348 Goodacre S, Stevens JW, Pandor A. et al. Prehospital noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and individual patient data meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med 2014; 21: 960-970
- 349 Mal S, McLeod S, Iansavichene A. et al. Effect of out-of-hospital noninvasive positive-pressure support ventilation in adult patients with severe respiratory distress: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 2014; 63: 600-607.e1
- 350 Sellmann T, Conty C, Treschan T. et al. [Prehospital non-invasive ventilation in Germany: results of a nationwide survey of ground-based emergency medical services]. Anaesthesist 2014; 63: 217-224
- 351 Pandor A, Thokala P, Goodacre S. et al. Pre-hospital non-invasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2015; 19: v-vi, 1-102
- 352 Willmore A, Dionne R, Maloney J. et al. Effectiveness and safety of a prehospital program of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in an urban setting. CJEM 2015; 17: 609-616
- 353 Hilbert-Carius P, Struck MF, Hofer V. et al. Mechanical ventilation of patients in helicopter emergency medical service transport: an international survey. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2020; 28: 112
- 354 Abubacker AP, Ndakotsu A, Chawla HV. et al. Non-invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Prehospital and Emergency Settings. Cureus 2021; 13: e15624
- 355 Walter DC, Chan HK, Crowe RP. et al. Out-of-hospital, non-invasive, positive-pressure ventilation for acute dyspnea. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021; 2: e12542
- 356 Brusasco C, Corradi F, De Ferrari A. et al. CPAP Devices for Emergency Prehospital Use: A Bench Study. Respir Care 2015; 60: 1777-1785
- 357 Kosowsky JM, Stephanides SL, Branson RD. et al. Prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for presumed pulmonary edema: a preliminary case series. Prehosp Emerg Care 2001; 5: 190-196
- 358 Williams TA, Finn J, Perkins GD. et al. Prehospital continuous positive airway pressure for acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prehosp Emerg Care 2013; 17: 261-273
- 359 Nielsen VM, Madsen J, Aasen A. et al. Prehospital treatment with continuous positive airway pressure in patients with acute respiratory failure: a regional observational study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2016; 24: 121
- 360 Fuller G, Keating S, Goodacre S. et al. Is a definitive trial of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure versus standard oxygen therapy for acute respiratory failure indicated? The ACUTE pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ open 2020; 10: e035915
- 361 Dunand A, Beysard N, Maudet L. et al. Management of respiratory distress following prehospital implementation of noninvasive ventilation in a physician-staffed emergency medical service: a single-center retrospective study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2021; 29: 85
- 362 Pinczon J, Terzi N, Usseglio-Polatera P. et al. Outcomes of Patients Treated with Prehospital Noninvasive Ventilation: Observational Retrospective Multicenter Study in the Northern French Alps. J Clin Med 2021; 10: 1359
- 363 Schmidbauer W, Ahlers O, Spies C. et al. Early prehospital use of non-invasive ventilation improves acute respiratory failure in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Emerg Med J 2011; 28: 626-627
- 364 Cheskes S, Turner L, Thomson S. et al. The impact of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure on the rate of intubation and mortality from acute out-of-hospital respiratory emergencies. Prehosp Emerg Care 2013; 17: 435-441
- 365 Weitz G, Struck J, Zonak A. et al. Prehospital noninvasive pressure support ventilation for acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Eur J Emerg Med 2007; 14: 276-279
- 366 Dib JE, Matin SA, Luckert A. Prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure for acute severe congestive heart failure. J Emerg Med 2012; 42: 553-558
- 367 Cheskes S, Thomson S, Turner L. Feasibility of continuous positive airway pressure by primary care paramedics. Prehosp Emerg Care 2012; 16: 535-540
- 368 Gartner BA, Fehlmann C, Suppan L. et al. Effect of noninvasive ventilation on intubation risk in prehospital patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a retrospective study. Eur J Emerg Med 2020; 27: 54-58
- 369 Fort PA, Boussarie C, Hilbert G. et al. [Prehospital noninvasive ventilation. Study of importance and feasibility (7 cases)]. Presse Med 2002; 31: 1886-1889
- 370 Thompson J, Petrie DA, Ackroyd-Stolarz S. et al. Out-of-hospital continuous positive airway pressure ventilation versus usual care in acute respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med 2008; 52: 232-241 241.e1
- 371 Knox N, Chinwe O, Themba N. et al. Relationship between intubation rate and continuous positive airway pressure therapy in the prehospital setting. World J Emerg Med 2015; 6: 60-66
- 372 Finn JC, Brink D, Mckenzie N. et al. Prehospital continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for acute respiratory distress: a randomised controlled trial. Emerg Med J 2022; 39: 37-44
- 373 Luiz T, Kumpch M, Grüttner J. et al. Prehospital CPAP Therapy by Emergency Physicians in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure due to Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema or Acutely Exacerbated COPD. In Vivo 2016; 30: 133-139
- 374 Hensel M, Strunden MS, Tank S. et al. Prehospital non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure is justified even if the distance to hospital is short. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37: 651-656
- 375 Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Healy B. et al. Pre-hospital oxygen therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern Med J 2011; 41: 618-622
- 376 Cameron L, Pilcher J, Weatherall M. et al. The risk of serious adverse outcomes associated with hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia in acute exacerbations of COPD. Postgrad Med J 2012; 88: 684-689
- 377 Pilcher J, Cameron L, Braithwaite I. et al. Comparative audit of oxygen use in the prehospital setting in acute COPD exacerbation over 5 years. Emerg Med J 2015; 32: 234-238
- 378 Ringbaek TJ, Terkelsen J, Lange P. Outcomes of acute exacerbations in COPD in relation to pre-hospital oxygen therapy. Eur Clin Respir J 2015; 2
- 379 Mac Donncha C, Cummins N, Hennelly D. et al. An observational study of the utility of continuous positive airway pressure ventilation for appropriate candidates in prehospital care in the Midwest region. Ir J Med Sci 2017; 186: 489-494
- 380 Garrote JI, Aylagas D, Gutierrez JM. et al. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in Helicopter Emergency Medical Services Saves Time and Oxygen and Improves Patient and Mission Safety: A Pilot Study. Air Med J 2015; 34: 218-222
- 381 Lee JS, O'Dochartaigh D, MacKenzie M. et al. Factors Associated with Failure of Non-invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in a Critical Care Helicopter Emergency Medical Service. Prehosp Disaster Med 2015; 30: 239-243
- 382 Coggins AR, Cummins EN, Burns B. Management of critical illness with non-invasive ventilation by an Australian HEMS. Emerg Med J 2016; 33: 807-811
- 383 Garuti G, Bandiera G, Cattaruzza MS. et al. Out-of-hospital helmet CPAP in acute respiratory failure reduces mortality: a study led by nurses. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2010; 73: 145-151
- 384 Simpson PM, Bendall JC. Prehospital non-invasive ventilation for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: an evidence-based review. Emerg Med J 2011; 28: 609-612
- 385 Williams B, Boyle M, Robertson N. et al. When pressure is positive: a literature review of the prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure. Prehosp Disaster Med 2013; 28: 52-60
- 386 Bolliger CT, Van Eeden SF. Treatment of multiple rib fractures. Randomized controlled trial comparing ventilatory with nonventilatory management. Chest 1990; 97: 943-948
- 387 Gunduz M, Unlugenc H, Ozalevli M. et al. A comparative study of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in patients with flail chest. Emerg Med J 2005; 22: 325-329
- 388 Kourouche S, Buckley T, Munroe B. et al. Development of a blunt chest injury care bundle: An integrative review. Injury 2018; 49: 1008-1023
- 389 Chiumello D, Coppola S, Froio S. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in chest trauma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39: 1171-1180
- 390 Duggal A, Perez P, Golan E. et al. Safety and efficacy of noninvasive ventilation in patients with blunt chest trauma: a systematic review. Crit Care 2013; 17: R142
- 391 Roberts S, Skinner D, Biccard B. et al. The role of non-invasive ventilation in blunt chest trauma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2014; 40: 553-559
- 392 Cabrini L, Moizo E, Nicelli E. et al. Noninvasive ventilation outside the intensive care unit from the patient point of view: a pilot study. Respir Care 2012; 57: 704-709
- 393 Sørensen D, Frederiksen K, Groefte T. et al. Striving for habitual well-being in noninvasive ventilation: a grounded theory study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute respiratory failure. J Clin Nurs 2014; 23: 1726-1735
- 394 Iosifyan M, Schmidt M, Hurbault A. et al. “I had the feeling that I was trapped”: a bedside qualitative study of cognitive and affective attitudes toward noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Ann Intensive Care 2019; 9: 134
- 395 Beckert L, Wiseman R, Pitama S. et al. What can we learn from patients to improve their non-invasive ventilation experience? ‘It was unpleasant; if I was offered it again, I would do what I was told’. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2020; 10: e7
- 396 Smith TA, Agar M, Jenkins CR. et al. Experience of acute noninvasive ventilation-insights from ‘Behind the Mask’: a qualitative study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2019; 9: e11
- 397 Nava S, Evangelisti I, Rampulla C. et al. Human and financial costs of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in patients affected by COPD and acute respiratory failure. Chest 1997; 111: 1631-1638
- 398 Gorini M, Ginanni R, Villella G. et al. Non-invasive negative and positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of acute on chronic respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30: 875-881
- 399 Todisco T, Baglioni S, Eslami A. et al. Treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory failure: integrated use of negative pressure ventilation and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Chest 2004; 125: 2217-2223
- 400 Corrado A, Ginanni R, Villella G. et al. Iron lung versus conventional mechanical ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 419-424
- 401 Girault C, Briel A, Hellot MF. et al. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in clinical practice: a 2-year experience in a medical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 552-559
- 402 Benhamou D, Girault C, Faure C. et al. Nasal mask ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Experience in elderly patients. Chest 1992; 102: 912-917
- 403 Servera E, Pérez M, Marín J. et al. Noninvasive nasal mask ventilation beyond the ICU for an exacerbation of chronic respiratory insufficiency. Chest 1995; 108: 1572-1576
- 404 Kerl J, Höhn E, Köhler D. et al. Spontaneous-timed versus controlled noninvasive ventilation in chronic hypercapnia – a crossover trial. Med Devices 2019; 12: 173-181
- 405 Dellweg D, Schonhofer B, Haidl P. et al. Short-term effect of controlled instead of assisted noninvasive ventilation in chronic respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Care 2007; 52: 1734-1740
- 406 Dellweg D, Barchfeld T, Klauke M. et al. Respiratory muscle unloading during auto-adaptive non-invasive ventilation. Respir Med 2009; 103: 1706-1712
- 407 Fernández-Vivas M, Caturla-Such J, González de la Rosa J. et al. Noninvasive pressure support versus proportional assist ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29: 1126-1133
- 408 Rusterholtz T, Bollaert PE, Feissel M. et al. Continuous positive airway pressure vs. proportional assist ventilation for noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34: 840-846
- 409 Zhang J, Luo Q, Chen R. Patient-Ventilator Interaction With Noninvasive Proportional Assist Ventilation in Subjects With COPD. Respir Care 2020; 65: 45-52
- 410 Piquilloud L, Tassaux D, Bialais E. et al. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) improves patient- ventilator interaction during non-invasive ventilation delivered by face mask. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38: 1624-1631
- 411 Bertrand PM, Futier E, Coisel Y. et al. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist vs pressure support ventilation for noninvasive ventilation during acute respiratory failure: a crossover physiologic study. Chest 2013; 143: 30-36
- 412 Schmidt M, Dres M, Raux M. et al. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist improves patient-ventilator interaction during postextubation prophylactic noninvasive ventilation. Crit Care Med 2012; 40: 1738-1744
- 413 de la Oliva P, Schüffelmann C, Gómez-Zamora A. et al. Asynchrony, neural drive, ventilatory variability and COMFORT: NAVA versus pressure support in pediatric patients. A non-randomized cross-over trial. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38: 838-846
- 414 Harnisch LO, Olgemoeller U, Mann J. et al. Noninvasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilator Assist Ventilation in the Postoperative Period Produces Better Patient-Ventilator Synchrony but Not Comfort. Pulm Med 2020; 2020: 4705042
- 415 Oppersma E, Doorduin J, Roesthuis LH. et al. Patient-Ventilator Interaction During Noninvasive Ventilation in Subjects With Exacerbation of COPD: Effect of Support Level and Ventilator Mode. Respir Care 2020; 65: 1315-1322
- 416 Prasad KT, Gandra RR, Dhooria S. et al. Comparing Noninvasive Ventilation Delivered Using Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assist or Pressure Support in Acute Respiratory Failure. Respir Care 2021; 66: 213-220
- 417 Tajamul S, Hadda V, Madan K. et al. Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assist Versus Noninvasive Pressure Support Ventilation in COPD Exacerbation: The NAVA-NICE Trial. Respir Care 2020; 65: 53-61
- 418 Chen C, Wen T, Liao W. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist versus pressure support ventilation in patient-ventilator interaction and clinical outcomes: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Ann Transl Med 2019; 7: 382
- 419 Piquilloud L, Tassaux D, Bialais E. et al. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) improves patient-ventilator interaction during non-invasive ventilation delivered by face mask. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38: 1624-1631
- 420 Bertrand PM, Futier E, Coisel Y. et al. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist vs pressure support ventilation for noninvasive ventilation during acute respiratory failure: a crossover physiologic study. Chest 2013; 143: 30-36
- 421 Hansen KK, Jensen HI, Andersen TS. et al. Intubation rate, duration of noninvasive ventilation and mortality after noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA). Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2020; 64: 309-318
- 422 Jünger C, Reimann M, Krabbe L. et al. Non-invasive ventilation with pursed lips breathing mode for patients with COPD and hypercapnic respiratory failure: A retrospective analysis. PloS one 2020; 15: e0238619
- 423 Lüthgen M, Rüller S, Herzmann C. Characteristics of the deventilation syndrome in COPD patients treated with non-invasive ventilation: an explorative study. Respir Res 2022; 23: 13
- 424 Winkler J, Hagert-Winkler A, Wirtz H. et al. [Modern impulse oscillometry in the spectrum of pulmonary function testing methods]. Pneumologie 2009; 63: 461-469
- 425 McNulty W, Usmani O. Techniques of assessing small airways dysfunction. Eur Clin Respir J 2014; 1
- 426 Dellacà RL, Santus P, Aliverti A. et al. Detection of expiratory flow limitation in COPD using the forced oscillation technique. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 232-240
- 427 Burki NK, Mani RK, Herth FJF. et al. A novel extracorporeal CO(2) removal system: results of a pilot study of hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with COPD. Chest 2013; 143: 678-686
- 428 Paternoster G, Bertini P, Belletti A. et al. Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Awake Non-Intubated Patients With COVID-19 ARDS at High Risk for Barotrauma. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36: 2975-2982
- 429 Del Sorbo L, Pisani L, Filippini C. et al. Extracorporeal Co2 removal in hypercapnic patients at risk of noninvasive ventilation failure: a matched cohort study with historical control. Crit Care Med 2015; 43: 120-127
- 430 Braune S, Sieweke A, Brettner F. et al. The feasibility and safety of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal to avoid intubation in patients with COPD unresponsive to noninvasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (ECLAIR study): multicentre case-control study. Intensive Care Med 2016; 42: 1437-1444
- 431 Fuehner T, Kuehn C, Hadem J. et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in awake patients as bridge to lung transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185: 763-768
- 432 Tonetti T, Pisani L, Cavalli I. et al. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for treatment of exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ORION): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22: 718
- 433 Vignaux L, Tassaux D, Carteaux G. et al. Performance of noninvasive ventilation algorithms on ICU ventilators during pressure support: a clinical study. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36: 2053-2059
- 434 Girault C, Briel A, Benichou J. et al. Interface strategy during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for hypercapnic acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 2009; 37: 124-131
- 435 Dellweg D, Hochrainer D, Klauke M. et al. Determinants of skin contact pressure formation during non-invasive ventilation. J Biomech 2010; 43: 652-657
- 436 Antonelli M, Conti G, Pelosi P. et al. New treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: noninvasive pressure support ventilation delivered by helmet-a pilot controlled trial. Crit Care Med 2002; 30: 602-608
- 437 Gruson D, Hilbert G, Portel L. et al. Severe respiratory failure requiring ICU admission in bone marrow transplant recipients. Eur Respir J 1999; 13: 883-887
- 438 Rabitsch W, Schellongowski P, Köstler W. et al. Efficacy and tolerability of non-invasive ventilation delivered via a newly developed helmet in immunosuppressed patients with acute respiratory failure. Wien KlinWochensch 2003; 115: 590-594
- 439 Principi T, Pantanetti S, Catani F. et al. Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure delivered by helmet in hematological malignancy patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30: 147-150
- 440 Conti G, Cavaliere F, Costa R. et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation with different interfaces in patients with respiratory failure after abdominal surgery: a matched-control study. Respir Care 2007; 52: 1463-1471
- 441 Adi O, Via G, Salleh SH. et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing helmet continuous positive airway pressure (hCPAP) to facemask continuous positive airway pressure (fCPAP) for the treatment of acute respiratory failure in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 49: 385-392
- 442 Anonymous Critically appraised topic: Effect of noninvasive ventilation delivered by helmet vs. face mask on the rate of endotracheal intubation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Intensive Care Soc 2017; 18: 326-328
- 443 Longhini F, Bruni A, Garofalo E. et al. Helmet continuous positive airway pressure and prone positioning: A proposal for an early management of COVID-19 patients. Pulmonology 2020; 26: 186-191
- 444 Ing RJ, Bills C, Merritt G. et al. Role of Helmet-Delivered Noninvasive Pressure Support Ventilation in COVID-19 Patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34: 2575-2579
- 445 Aliberti S, Radovanovic D, Billi F. et al. Helmet CPAP treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a multicentre cohort study. Eur Respir J 2020; 56: 2001935
- 446 Rali AS, Howard C, Miller R. et al. Helmet CPAP revisited in COVID-19 pneumonia: A case series. Can J Respir Ther 2020; 56: 32-34
- 447 Alharthy A, Faqihi F, Noor A. et al. Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure could be an Effective Strategy: A Feasibility Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2020; 10: 201-203
- 448 Duca A, Memaj I, Zanardi F. et al. Severity of respiratory failure and outcome of patients needing a ventilatory support in the Emergency Department during Italian novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 outbreak: Preliminary data on the role of Helmet CPAP and Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 24: 100419
- 449 Paternoster G, Sartini C, Pennacchio E. et al. Awake pronation with helmet continuous positive airway pressure for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients outside the ICU: A case series. Med Intensiva 2020; 46: 65-71
- 450 Bellani G, Grasselli G, Cecconi M. et al. Noninvasive Ventilatory Support of Patients with COVID-19 outside the Intensive Care Units (WARd-COVID). Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 18: 1020-1026
- 451 Saxena A, Nazir N, Pandey R. et al. Comparison of Effect of Non-invasive Ventilation Delivered by Helmet vs Face Mask in Patients with COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized Control Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022; 26: 282-287
- 452 Grieco DL, Menga LS, Cesarano M. et al. Effect of Helmet Noninvasive Ventilation vs High-Flow Nasal Oxygen on Days Free of Respiratory Support in Patients With COVID-19 and Moderate to Severe Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: The HENIVOT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2021; 325: 1731-1743
- 453 Antonelli M, Pennisi MA, Pelosi P. et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation using a helmet in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a feasibility study. Anesthesiology 2004; 100: 16-24
- 454 Chiumello D, Pelosi P, Carlesso E. et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation delivered by helmet vs. standard face mask. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29: 1671-1679
- 455 Racca F, Appendini L, Gregoretti C. et al. Effectiveness of mask and helmet interfaces to deliver noninvasive ventilation in a human model of resistive breathing. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99: 1262-1271
- 456 Navalesi P, Costa R, Ceriana P. et al. Non-invasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: helmet versus facial mask. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33: 74-81
- 457 Moerer O, Fischer S, Hartelt M. et al. Influence of two different interfaces for noninvasive ventilation compared to invasive ventilation on the mechanical properties and performance of a respiratory system: a lung model study. Chest 2006; 129: 1424-1431
- 458 Patroniti N, Saini M, Zanella A. et al. Danger of helmet continuous positive airway pressure during failure of fresh gas source supply. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33: 153-157
- 459 Becker HF, Schönhofer B, Vogelmeier C. [Intermediate care units and noninvasive ventilation]. Med Klin 2006; 101: 334-339
- 460 Corrado A, Roussos C, Ambrosino N. et al. Respiratory intermediate care units: a European survey. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 1343-1350
- 461 Leger P, Laier-Groeneveld G. Infrastructure, funding and follow-up in a programme of noninvasive ventilation. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 1573-1578
- 462 Schönhofer B. Respiratory high-dependency units in Germany. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1999; 54: 448-451
- 463 Schönhofer B, Wagner TOF. [Location of mechanical ventilation in the specialized centre – intensive care unit, respiratory intermediate care unit and the specialized normal ward]. Pneumologie 2006; 60: 376-382
- 464 Bingold TM, Bickenbach J. et al. Modulares Zertifikat Intensivmedizin der DGAI. Anästh Intensivmed 2014; 55: 316-329
- 465 Cullen JP, Meehan C, O’Grady M. et al. The implementation of a nurse-provided, ward-based bilevel non- invasive ventilation service. Ir Med J 2005; 98: 80-83
- 466 Barchfeld T, Schönhofer B, Wenzel M. et al. [Work of breathing in differentiation of various forms of sleep- related breathing disorders]. Pneumologie 1997; 51: 931-935
- 467 Pankow W, Podszus T, Gutheil T. et al. Expiratory flow limitation and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in obesity. J Appl Physiol 1998; 85: 1236-1243
- 468 Vignaux L, Vargas F, Roeseler J. et al. Patient-ventilator asynchrony during non-invasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: a multicenter study. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35: 840-846
- 469 Longhini F, Colombo D, Pisani L. et al. Efficacy of ventilator waveform observation for detection of patient-ventilator asynchrony during NIV: a multicentre study. ERJ Open Res 2017; 3: 00075-2017
- 470 Di Marco F, Centanni S, Bellone A. et al. Optimization of ventilator setting by flow and pressure waveforms analysis during noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of COPD: a multicentric randomized controlled trial. Crit Care 2011; 15: R283
- 471 Hansen M, Poulsen MR, Bendixen DK. et al. Incidence of sinusitis in patients with nasotracheal intubation. Br J Anaesth 1988; 61: 231-232
- 472 American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. et al. International Consensus Conferences in Intensive Care Medicine: noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute Respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 283-291
- 473 Oddo M, Feihl F, Schaller MD. et al. Management of mechanical ventilation in acute severe asthma: practical aspects. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32: 501-510
- 474 Han B, Yue L, Tian M. et al. High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) vs. non-invasive ventilation in OHS with severe pneumonia patients: A prospective study. ERJ Open Res 2021; 53
- 475 Mesquida J, Kim HK, Pinsky MR. Effect of tidal volume, intrathoracic pressure, and cardiac contractility on variations in pulse pressure, stroke volume, and intrathoracic blood volume. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37: 1672-1679
- 476 Conti G, Arcangeli A, Antonelli M. et al. Sedation with sufentanil in patients receiving pressure support ventilation has no effects on respiration: a pilot study. Can J Anaesth 2004; 51: 494-499
- 477 Constantin JM, Schneider E, Cayot-Constantin S. et al. Remifentanil-based sedation to treat noninvasive ventilation failure: a preliminary study. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33: 82-87
- 478 Anonymous S3-Leitlinie Analgesie, Sedierung und Delirmanagement in der Intensivmedizin (DAS-Leitlinie 2020). https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/001-012
- 479 Branson RD, Gentile MA. Is humidification always necessary during noninvasive ventilation in the hospital?. Respir Care 2010; 55: 209-216
- 480 Tuggey JM, Delmastro M, Elliott MW. The effect of mouth leak and humidification during nasal non-invasive ventilation. Respir Med 2007; 101: 1874-1879
- 481 Wenzel M, Wenzel G, Klauke M. et al. [Characteristics of several humidifiers for CPAP-therapy, invasive and non-invasive ventilation and oxygen therapy under standardised climatic conditions in a climatic chamber]. Pneumologie 2008; 62: 324-329
- 482 Boyer A, Vargas F, Hilbert G. et al. Small dead space heat and moisture exchangers do not impede gas exchange during noninvasive ventilation: a comparison with a heated humidifier. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36: 1348-1354
- 483 Gesellschaft fur Aerosolforschung GAeF: Zum Verständnis der Rolle von Aerosolpartikeln beim SARS-CoV-2 Infektionsgeschehen. Positionspapier der Gesellschaft fur Aerosolforschung. Association for Aerosol Research. 2022 www.info.gaef.de
- 484 Schwarz K, Biller H, Windt H. et al. Characterization of exhaled particles from the healthy human lung – a systematic analysis in relation to pulmonary function variables. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2010; 23: 371-379
- 485 Papineni RS, Rosenthal FS. The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects. J Aerosol Med 1997; 10: 105-116
- 486 Scheuch G. Breathing Is Enough: For the Spread of Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2 by Breathing Only. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2020; 33: 230-234
- 487 Pöhlker ML, Krüger OO, Förster J-D. et al. Respiratory aerosols and droplets in the transmission of infectious diseases. 2021 https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.01188v4
- 488 Köhler D, Fleischer W. Inhalationstherapie. München: Arcis Verlag; 2000
- 489 Dellweg D, Kerl J, Gena AW. et al. Exhalation Spreading During Nasal High-Flow Therapy at Different Flow Rates. Crit Care Med 2021; 49: e693-e700
- 490 Echternach M, Gantner S, Peters G. et al. Impulse Dispersion of Aerosols during Singing and Speaking: A Potential COVID-19 Transmission Pathway. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202: 1584-1587
- 491 Bourouiba L. Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19. JAMA 2020; 323: 1837-1838
- 492 Anderson PJ, Wilson JD, Hiller FC. Particle size distribution of mainstream tobacco and marijuana smoke. Analysis using the electrical aerosol analyzer. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140: 202-205
- 493 Outdoor transmission accounts for 0.1% of State’s Covid-19 cases. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/outdoor-transmission-accounts-for-0-1-of-state-s-covid-19-cases-1.4529036
- 494 Qian H, Miao T, Liu L. et al. Indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Indoor air 2021; 31: 639-645
- 495 Fowler RA, Guest CB, Lapinsky SE. et al. Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome during intubation and mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 169: 1198-1202
- 496 Li J, Fink JB, Elshafei AA. et al. Placing a mask on COVID-19 patients during high-flow nasal cannula therapy reduces aerosol particle dispersion. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7: ERJ Open Res
- 497 Simonds AK, Hanak A, Chatwin M. et al. Evaluation of droplet dispersion during non-invasive ventilation, oxygen therapy, nebuliser treatment and chest physiotherapy in clinical practice: implications for management of pandemic influenza and other airborne infections. Health Technol Assess 2010; 14: 131-172
- 498 Dellweg D, Lepper PM, Nowak D. et al. [Position Paper of the German Respiratory Society (DGP) on the Impact of Community Masks on Self-Protection and Protection of Others in Regard to Aerogen Transmitted Diseases]. Pneumologie 2020; 74: 331-336
- 499 Yañez LJ, Yunge M, Emilfork M. et al. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of noninvasive ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2008; 9: 484-489
- 500 Basnet S, Mander G, Andoh J. et al. Safety, efficacy, and tolerability of early initiation of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in pediatric patients admitted with status asthmaticus: a pilot study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2012; 13: 393-398
- 501 Peters MJ, Agbeko R, Davis P. et al. Randomized Study of Early Continuous Positive Airways Pressure in Acute Respiratory Failure in Children With Impaired Immunity (SCARF) ISRCTN82853500. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2018; 19: 939-948
- 502 Jalil Y, Damiani F, Astudillo C. et al. Impact of a Noninvasive Ventilation Protocol in Hospitalized Children With Acute Respiratory Failure. Respir Care 2017; 62: 1533-1539
- 503 Smith A, Kelly DP, Hurlbut J. et al. Initiation of Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure in a Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit. Hosp Pediatr 2019; 9: 538-544
- 504 Schlosser KR, Fiore GA, Smallwood CD. et al. Noninvasive Ventilation Is Interrupted Frequently and Mostly Used at Night in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Respir Care 2020; 65: 341-346
- 505 Vitaliti G, Vitaliti MC, Finocchiaro MC. et al. Randomized Comparison of Helmet CPAP Versus High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen in Pediatric Respiratory Distress. Respir Care 2017; 62: 1036-1042
- 506 Abdel-Ghaffar HS, Youseff HA, Abdelal FA. et al. Post-extubation continuous positive airway pressure improves oxygenation after pediatric laparoscopic surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2019; 63: 620-629
- 507 Tume LN, Eveleens RD, Mayordomo-Colunga J. et al. Enteral Feeding of Children on Noninvasive Respiratory Support: A Four-Center European Study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2021; 22: e192-202
- 508 Piastra M, Picconi E, Morena TC. et al. Weaning of Children With Burn Injury by Noninvasive Ventilation: A Clinical Experience. J Burn Care Res 2019; 40: 689-695
- 509 Thill PJ, McGuire JK, Baden HP. et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in children with lower airway obstruction. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2004; 5: 337-342
- 510 Thia LP, McKenzie SA, Blyth TP. et al. Randomised controlled trial of nasal continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) in bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Child 2008; 93: 45-47
- 511 Martinón-Torres F, Rodríguez-Núñez A, Martinón-Sánchez JM. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure with heliox versus air oxygen in infants with acute bronchiolitis: a crossover study. Pediatrics 2008; 121: e1190-1195
- 512 Chidini G, De Luca D, Conti G. et al. Early Noninvasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist Versus Noninvasive Flow-Triggered Pressure Support Ventilation in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Failure: A Physiologic Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2016; 17: e487-495
- 513 Bernet V, Hug MI, Frey B. Predictive factors for the success of noninvasive mask ventilation in infants and children with acute respiratory failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005; 6: 660-664
- 514 Padman R, Lawless ST, Kettrick RG. Noninvasive ventilation via bilevel positive airway pressure support in pediatric practice. Crit Care Med 1998; 26: 169-173
- 515 Mayordomo-Colunga J, Medina A, Rey C. et al. Helmet-delivered continuous positive airway pressure with heliox in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Acta Paediatr 2010; 99: 308-311
- 516 Mayordomo-Colunga J, Medina A, Rey C. et al. Non-invasive ventilation in pediatric status asthmaticus: a prospective observational study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2011; 46: 949-955
- 517 Mayordomo-Colunga J, Medina A, Rey C. et al. Predictive factors of non invasive ventilation failure in critically ill children: a prospective epidemiological study. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35: 527-536
- 518 Muñoz-Bonet JI, Flor-Macián EM, Brines J. et al. Predictive factors for the outcome of noninvasive ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2010; 11: 675-680
- 519 Muñoz-Bonet JI, Flor-Macián EM, Roselló PM. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory failure by means of a conventional volumetric ventilator. World J Pediatr 2010; 6: 323-330
- 520 Essouri S, Durand P, Chevret L. et al. Physiological effects of noninvasive positive ventilation during acute moderate hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency in children. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34: 2248-2255
- 521 Lum LCS, Abdel-Latif ME, de Bruyne JA. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit in a middle-income country. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2011; 12: e7-13
- 522 Javouhey E, Barats A, Richard N. et al. Non-invasive ventilation as primary ventilatory support for infants with severe bronchiolitis. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34: 1608-1614
- 523 Stucki P, Perez M-H, Scalfaro P. et al. Feasibility of non-invasive pressure support ventilation in infants with respiratory failure after extubation: a pilot study. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35: 1623-1627
- 524 Campion A, Huvenne H, Leteurtre S. et al. [Non-invasive ventilation in infants with severe infection presumably due to respiratory syncytial virus: feasibility and failure criteria]. Arch Pediatr 2006; 13: 1404-1409
- 525 Cambonie G, Milési C, Jaber S. et al. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure decreases respiratory muscles overload in young infants with severe acute viral bronchiolitis. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34: 1865-1872
- 526 Yaman A, Kendirli T, Ödek Ç. et al. Efficacy of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in prevention of intubation and reintubation in the pediatric intensive care unit. J Crit Care 2016; 32: 175-181
- 527 Grande RAA, Fernandes GA, Andrade DP. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in a pediatric ICU: factors associated with failure. J Bras Pneumol 2020; 46: e20180053
- 528 Zeng JS, Qian SY, Wong JJ. et al. Non-Invasive Ventilation in Children with Paediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Ann Acad Med Singap 2019; 48: 224-232
- 529 Archangelidi O, Carr SB, Simmonds NJ. et al. Non-invasive ventilation and clinical outcomes in cystic fibrosis: Findings from the UK CF registry. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 18: 665-670
- 530 Caglar B, Serin S, Yilmaz G. et al. The Impact of Treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Prehosp Disaster Med 2019; 34: 588-591
- 531 Morris JV, Ramnarayan P, Parslow RC. et al. Outcomes for Children Receiving Noninvasive Ventilation as the First-Line Mode of Mechanical Ventilation at Intensive Care Admission: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study. Crit Care Med 2017; 45: 1045-1053
- 532 Smith A, França UL, McManus ML. Trends in the Use of Noninvasive and Invasive Ventilation for Severe Asthma. Pediatrics 2020; 146: e20200534
- 533 Clayton JA, McKee B, Slain KN. et al. Outcomes of Children With Bronchiolitis Treated With High-Flow Nasal Cannula or Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019; 20: 128-135
- 534 Delacroix E, Millet A, Pin I. et al. Use of bilevel positive pressure ventilation in patients with bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55: 3134-3138
- 535 Emeriaud G, Napolitano N, Polikoff L. et al. Impact of Failure of Noninvasive Ventilation on the Safety of Pediatric Tracheal Intubation. Crit Care Med 2020; 48: 1503-1512
- 536 Crulli B, Loron G, Nishisaki A. et al. Safety of paediatric tracheal intubation after non-invasive ventilation failure. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51: 165-172
- 537 Romans RA, Schwartz SM, Costello JM. et al. Epidemiology of Noninvasive Ventilation in Pediatric Cardiac ICUs. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2017; 18: 949-957
- 538 Fernández Lafever S, Toledo B, Leiva M. et al. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation after heart surgery in children. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16: 167
- 539 Rolim DS, Galas FRB, Faria LS. et al. Use of Noninvasive Ventilation in Respiratory Failure After Extubation During Postoperative Care in Pediatrics. Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 41: 729-735
- 540 Essouri S, Chevret L, Durand P. et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: five years of experience in a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006; 7: 329-334
- 541 Chin K, Uemoto S, Takahashi K. et al. Noninvasive ventilation for pediatric patients including those under 1-year-old undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2005; 11: 188-195
- 542 Hertzog JH, Costarino AT. Nasal mask positive pressure ventilation in paediatric patients with type II respiratory failure. Paediatr Anaesth 1996; 6: 219-224
- 543 Fortenberry JD, Del Toro J, Jefferson LS. et al. Management of pediatric acute hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency with bilevel positive pressure (BiPAP) nasal mask ventilation. Chest 1995; 108: 1059-1064
- 544 Wazeka AN, DiMaio MF, Boachie-Adjei O. Outcome of pediatric patients with severe restrictive lung disease following reconstructive spine surgery. Spine 2004; 29: 528-534
- 545 Rosen GM, Muckle RP, Mahowald MW. et al. Postoperative respiratory compromise in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: can it be anticipated?. Pediatrics 1994; 93: 784-788
- 546 Rimensberger PC. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation for acute respiratory failure in children. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 2000; 130: 1880-1886
- 547 Dohna-Schwake C, Stehling F, Tschiedel E. et al. Non-invasive ventilation on a pediatric intensive care unit: feasibility, efficacy, and predictors of success. Pediatr Pulmonol 2011; 46: 1114-1120
- 548 Pancera CF, Hayashi M, Fregnani JH. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in immunocompromised pediatric patients: eight years of experience in a pediatric oncology intensive care unit. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2008; 30: 533-538
- 549 Joshi G, Tobias JD. A five-year experience with the use of BiPAP in a pediatric intensive care unit population. J Intensive Care Med 2007; 22: 38-43
- 550 Schiller O, Schonfeld T, Yaniv I. et al. Bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation in pediatric oncology patients with acute respiratory failure. J Intensive Care Med 2009; 24: 383-388
- 551 Padman R, Henry M. The use of bilevel positive airway pressure for the treatment of acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease. Del Med J 2004; 76: 199-203
- 552 Beers SL, Abramo TJ, Bracken A. et al. Bilevel positive airway pressure in the treatment of status asthmaticus in pediatrics. Am J Emerg Med 2007; 25: 6-9
- 553 Carroll CL, Schramm CM. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for the treatment of status asthmaticus in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 96: 454-459
- 554 Larrar S, Essouri S, Durand P. et al. [Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation in infants with severe acute bronchiolitis]. Arch Pediatr 2006; 13: 1397-1403
- 555 Rowan CM, Gertz SJ, McArthur J. et al. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Mortality in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Multicenter Study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2016; 17: 294-302
- 556 Toni F, Cambra Lasaosa FJ. et al. Comparison in the Management of Respiratory Failure due to Bronchiolitis in a Pediatric ICU Between 2010 and 2016. Respir Care 2019; 64: 1270-1278
- 557 Mecklin M, Heikkilä P, Korppi M. The change in management of bronchiolitis in the intensive care unit between 2000 and 2015. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177: 1131-1137
- 558 Habra B, Janahi IA, Dauleh H. et al. A comparison between high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation in the management of infants and young children with acute bronchiolitis in the PICU. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55: 455-461
- 559 Oakley E, Chong V, Borland M. et al. Intensive care unit admissions and ventilation support in infants with bronchiolitis. Emerg Med Australas 2017; 29: 421-428
- 560 Lee JW, Won YH, Kim DH. et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation to decrease perioperative risks of spinal fusion for patients with neuromuscular scoliosis and low vital capacity. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2016; 52: 28-35
- 561 Buzi A, Coblens OM, MacGillivray M. et al. The Use of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation following Pediatric Tonsillectomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 157: 297-301
- 562 Şık N, Şenol HB, Öztürk A. et al. A reappraisal of childhood drowning in a pediatric emergency department. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 41: 90-95
- 563 Piastra M, Pizza A, Gaddi S. et al. Dexmedetomidine is effective and safe during NIV in infants and young children with acute respiratory failure. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18: 282
- 564 Piastra M, De Luca D, Pietrini D. et al. Noninvasive pressure-support ventilation in immunocompromised children with ARDS: a feasibility study. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35: 1420-1427
- 565 Chidini G, Calderini E, Cesana BM. et al. Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure in acute respiratory failure: helmet versus facial mask. Pediatrics 2010; 126: e330-336
- 566 Farias JA, Fernández A, Monteverde E. et al. Critically ill infants and children with influenza A (H1N1) in pediatric intensive care units in Argentina. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36: 1015-1022
- 567 Milési C, Essouri S, Pouyau R. et al. High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) for the initial respiratory management of acute viral bronchiolitis in young infants: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (TRAMONTANE study). Intensive Care Med 2017; 43: 209-216
- 568 Fortenberry JD. Noninvasive ventilation in children with respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 1998; 26: 2095-2096
- 569 Essouri S, Durand P, Chevret L. et al. Optimal level of nasal continuous positive airway pressure in severe viral bronchiolitis. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37: 2002-2007
- 570 Fauroux B, Pigeot J, Polkey MI. et al. Chronic stridor caused by laryngomalacia in children: work of breathing and effects of noninvasive ventilatory assistance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 1874-1878
- 571 Santschi M, Jouvet P, Leclerc F. et al. Acute lung injury in children: therapeutic practice and feasibility of international clinical trials. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2010; 11: 681-689
- 572 Wolfler A, Calderini E, Iannella E. et al. Evolution of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Use: A Cohort Study Among Italian PICUs. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015; 16: 418-427
- 573 Kneyber MCJ, de Luca D, Calderini E. et al. Recommendations for mechanical ventilation of critically ill children from the Paediatric Mechanical Ventilation Consensus Conference (PEMVECC). Intensive Care Med 2017; 43: 1764-1780
- 574 Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Group. Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: consensus recommendations from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015; 16: 428-439
- 575 de Castro REV, Medeiros DNM, Prata-Barbosa A. et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis-Associated Organ Dysfunction in Children. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2020; 21: 924-925
- 576 Fuchs H, Schoss J, Mendler MR. et al. The Cause of Acute Respiratory Failure Predicts the Outcome of Noninvasive Ventilation in Immunocompromised Children. Klin Padiatr 2015; 227: 322-328
- 577 Frat JP, Ricard JD, Quenot JP. et al. Non-invasive ventilation versus high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy with apnoeic oxygenation for preoxygenation before intubation of patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial. Lancet Respir Med 2019; 7: 303-312
- 578 Thille AW, Contou D, Fragnoli C. et al. Non-invasive ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: intubation rate and risk factors. Crit Care 2013; 17: R269
- 579 Lal SN, Kaur J, Anthwal P. et al. Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian Pediatr 2018; 55: 27-30
- 580 Sarkar M, Sinha R, Roychowdhoury S. et al. Comparative Study between Noninvasive Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Hot Humidified High-flow Nasal Cannulae as a Mode of Respiratory Support in Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital. Indian J Crit Care Med 2018; 22: 85-90
- 581 Milési C, Matecki S, Jaber S. et al. 6 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure versus conventional oxygen therapy in severe viral bronchiolitis: a randomized trial. Pediatr Pulmonol 2013; 48: 45-51
- 582 Vahlkvist S, Jürgensen L, la Cour A. et al. High flow nasal cannula and continuous positive airway pressure therapy in treatment of viral bronchiolitis: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179: 513-518
- 583 Usala C, Wilson P. Noninvasive ventilation use in pediatric status asthmaticus. J Asthma 2021; 1-5
- 584 Akingbola OA, Simakajornboon N, Hadley JrEF. et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in pediatric status asthmaticus. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2002; 3: 181-184
- 585 Carroll CL, Bhandari A, Zucker AR. et al. Childhood obesity increases duration of therapy during severe asthma exacerbations. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006; 7: 527-531
- 586 Russi BW, Lew A, McKinley SD. et al. High-flow nasal cannula and bilevel positive airway pressure for pediatric status asthmaticus: a single center, retrospective descriptive and comparative cohort study. J Asthma 2021; 1-13
- 587 Williams AM, Abramo TJ, Shah MV. et al. Safety and clinical findings of BiPAP utilization in children 20 kg or less for asthma exacerbations. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37: 1338-1343
- 588 Henderson MB, Schunk JE, Henderson JL. et al. An Assessment of Asthma Therapy in the Pediatric ICU. Hosp Pediatr 2018; 8: 361-367
- 589 Korang SK, Feinberg J, Wetterslev J. et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for acute asthma in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 9: CD012067
- 590 Ellaffi M, Vinsonneau C, Coste J. et al. One-year outcome after severe pulmonary exacerbation in adults with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171: 158-164
- 591 Tobias JD. Noninvasive ventilation using bilevel positive airway pressure to treat impending respiratory failure in the postanesthesia care unit. J Clin Anesth 2000; 12: 409-412
- 592 Fauroux B, Louis B, Hart N. et al. The effect of back-up rate during non-invasive ventilation in young patients with cystic fibrosis. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30: 673-681
- 593 Loukou I, Moustaki M, Douros K. The Current Practice of Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis. Respir Care 2021; 66: 1330-1336
- 594 Dwyer TJ, Robbins L, Kelly P. et al. Non-invasive ventilation used as an adjunct to airway clearance treatments improves lung function during an acute exacerbation of cystic fibrosis: a randomised trial. J Physiother 2015; 61: 142-147
- 595 Stanford G, Parrott H, Bilton D. et al. Randomised cross-over trial evaluating the short-term effects of non-invasive ventilation as an adjunct to airway clearance techniques in adults with cystic fibrosis. BMJ Open Respir Res 2019; 6: e000399
- 596 Fauroux B, Burgel PR, Boelle PY. et al. Practice of noninvasive ventilation for cystic fibrosis: a nationwide survey in France. Respir Care 2008; 53: 1482-1489
- 597 Madden BP, Kariyawasam H, Siddiqi AJ. et al. Noninvasive ventilation in cystic fibrosis patients with acute or chronic respiratory failure. Eur Respir J 2002; 19: 310-313
- 598 Al-Iede MM, Al-Zayadneh E, Bridge C. et al. Risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications in children with severely compromised pulmonary function secondary to severe scoliosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55: 2782-2790
- 599 Essouri S, Nicot F, Clément A. et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in infants with upper airway obstruction: comparison of continuous and bilevel positive pressure. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31: 574-580
- 600 Piastra M, Antonelli M, Chiaretti A. et al. Treatment of acute respiratory failure by helmet-delivered non-invasive pressure support ventilation in children with acute leukemia: a pilot study. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30: 472-476
- 601 Milési C, Ferragu F, Jaber S. et al. Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation with helmet in infants under 1 year. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36: 1592-1596